數位分身法制基礎研析

Preliminary Legal Framework for Digital Twins

"數位分身於2000年後逐步成為新興之技術，其主要原因在於物聯網技術之普及和人工智慧之興起。數位分身一開始之概念，僅侷限於數位模擬或數位模型，然而隨著通訊技術之發展，其概念逐步進步到數位映射，也就是數位身分不只是可模擬物理環境的外觀，其也可以映射物理環境下的「因果關係」或「if-then」。 數位分身之應用上，一開始僅侷限於產品或工業設計（如渦輪機設計），但近年，數位分身不僅可適用於產品設計，也可適用於其他產業，如智慧農業、智慧交通等。此外，過往數位分身之使用者上，以往係以人類專家為主，但近年將數位分身適用於人工智慧、加速人工智慧訓練之潮流急速興起。 由以上分析可知，數位分身未來運用範圍廣泛，將不再侷限於產品式設計、也不局限於人類專家始可使用；從而自駕車於製造初期所須之人工智慧，可藉由道路之數位分身予以訓練，於進入市場後，亦可藉由城市或區域之交通數位分身，訓練相關行車路線決策系統，從而數位分身於智慧交通或智慧製造，可有相當大之助益。 然而欲使數位分身發揮最大效益前，有哪些面向上之議題待回應，以及政府可採取之推動政策為何？有待釐清，有鑑於此，本研究擬針對近年數位分身建置時可遵循之指引或原則以及國外重點國家之推動政策，予以介紹，同時並淺論我國場景下建構適宜數位分身發展之基礎法制環境，望能拋磚引玉。"

"Digital Twin(s) has becoming an emerging technology since 2000s due to the development of IoT system and the resurgence of A.I.. In the very early beginning of this century, Digital Twin's functionality was very limited, and Digital Twin was analogous to Digital Simulation or Digital Model. However, as the IT technology improves overtime, and the quantity of data transmission increases exponentially, Digital Twin is becoming capable of mirroring the 'if-then' scenario in any possible environment. Thus, Digital Twin becomes analogous to Digital Mirror. In the application thereof, Digital Twin was originally used by NASA or other airplane companies to simulate aerodynamic in order to come up with safe design with planes or shuttles. However, the application of Digital Twin nowadays is not limited to production design, and now it encompasses smart traffic, smart grid, smart agriculture and so on. Whenever there is a need for 'strategy and planning', there can be a Digital Twin. Furthermore, the user of Digital Twin used to be human expert, where human expert could do their experiment in the digital environment without worrying about affecting the real world. However, with the advance of A.I., Digital Twin nowadays can also be used to train advanced A.I. system so as to deploy A.I. faster. Such A.I. can be used in autonomous vehicle for route searching or object detection and evasion. However, the pending issues that enabling the social functionality of D.T. are yet explicit. And it also remains a question as to the role government can take in the development of D.T. To cope with these, this paper examines the possible issues that the deploying of Digital Twin can bring and the possible principles that the government can adopt to response to these issues. So the development of Digital Twin can be safe and trustworthy."