簡析Google的反壟斷行為──從美國司法部向Google提起反壟斷訴訟以及2000年Microsoft反壟斷一案看起

An analysis of Google's anticompetitive tactics - from US Justice Department suing Google for violating antitrust laws and the Microsoft antitrust case in 2000

在瞬息萬變的網路世界裡，各行各業必須時刻與他人競爭、並具有優越的行銷能力，才能維持自己的市場定位。然而歷經數十年來網路變化，這種由多人共享的網路世界，開始出現少數業者獨大的局面，例如Microsoft、Apple、Amazon、Google、Facebook等。關於網路業者壟斷市場之爭議，微軟的反托拉斯法訴訟是二十世紀末的經典的案例，討論微軟濫用自己在Windows作業系統上的優勢造成不公平的競爭行為。而2020年10月美國司法部向Google提起反壟斷訴訟，司法部認為Google利用自身在數位產品上的搜尋服務和搜尋廣告市場的壟斷優勢，損害競爭對手和消費者利益，並利用反競爭策略和排他性措施維持甚或擴大壟斷地位，削弱競爭並扼殺創新。本文自簡介美國反壟斷法規範出發，依相關市場和競爭行為如搭售與排他性協議等說明微軟案的判決結果，並作為探討Google案未來判決方向之基準。

"In the rapidly changing internet world, all industries must compete with others and have superior marketing capabilities in order to maintain their market positioning. However, after decades, this kind of online world shared by multiple people has begun to be dominated by few companies, such as Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook, and so on. When mentioning the monopoly of the Internet industry, Microsoft's antitrust lawsuit is a classic case which discussed that Microsoft abused its advantages in the Windows operating system and caused unfair competition. Similarly, in October 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit against Google. The Department of Justice believes that Google uses its own monopoly advantage in the Google Search service and search advertising market for digital products, and uses anti-competitive strategies to maintain monopoly status, weaken competition and innovation. This article introduces the US antitrust law and explains the results of the Microsoft case based on relevant market and anticompetitive tactics, such as tying and exclusive agreements, which might set up a benchmark for the direction of the Google case."