康熙與朝鮮正祖對朱子學詮釋的比較

A comparative Study of Kangxi and Joseon Jeonjo’s Interpretation of Chu Hsi’s Thought

以康熙為首的清代皇帝以對「真道學」的詮釋及其對「假道學」的批判，使得清代中國儒者的朱子學由「議論式的朱子學」轉向了「沉默而實踐的朱子學」。朝鮮正祖君臣則維持了相對自由的風氣，對朱子學充滿了史學式的移情想像與詮釋，又開始了尊崇朱子學的行動。正祖之所以大力尊崇朱子學，除了正祖本身對朱子學的真心欽慕外，與正祖所處時代西學在朝鮮在野儒者中的大量流行，使儒學道統面臨了思想文化上的危機有關。正祖認為，比起嚴禁這些俗學、邪學，重新再次大力尊崇朱子學，藉以「明天理、正人心」才是根本之道。同時正祖將宋時烈視為朝鮮版的朱子，在王權的肯認下，朱子學式的道學系譜傳承，由宋時烈扮演了集其大成者的角色而得以完備，以東亞視域而言，是朱子學在西力東漸前最後的深化發展。

"Due to the interpretation of“true Daoxue”and criticism of“false Daoxue”from Kangxi and other emperors, Chinese Confucians’of studying Zhu Xi’s teachings underwent the transformation from“argumentative one”to“silent one”. The academic work was in relatively free atmosphere in Joseon Jeongjo dynasty. The officials took Zhu Xi’s teachings to the historical empathy and interpretation and their officials started to extol Zhu Xi’s teachings again. Why Jeongjo extolled Zhu Xi’s lies not only in the admiration for Zhu Xi’s teachings before he was enthrones, but also in the crisis resulting from the growing popularity of Western learning among Korean Confucians, which might probably challenge the orthodoxy of Confucianism. Instead of prohibit the“outrageous”Western learning, Jeongjo supported the idea of upholding Zhu Xi’s teachings and people would accordingly“know the law of heavens and keep their mind righteous”Moreover, Jeongjo revered Zhu Xi as well as Song Si-yeol and argued that these two sages share the same mentality in order to make Korean Confucianism an inheritance according to the Confucian Orthodoxy of Zhu Xi’s teachings. From an East Asian perspective, Jeongjo’s thoughts and actions of extoling Zhu Xi can be viewed as the last phase of deeper development for Zhu Xi’s teachings before the advent of Western influences."