「大分流」：十三世紀中國四禮學的爭論與裂變

The Great Divergence: The Debate and Fission of the Family Rituals Studies in the 13th Century

十三世紀是中國四禮學的大變革時期，可細分為三個階段：第一階段（1200-1220）是朱熹授禮弟子群體的分化期。黃榦（1152-1221）以《儀禮》為中心重構朱熹禮學框架，《家禮》實無經典地位；陳淳完成規模最大的《家禮》改本，試圖折衷古今、打通禮理。第二階段（1221-1250）為《家禮》研究的爭論、分流期。楊復撰《家禮附註》以古禮為標準，銳意復古；周復作《家禮附錄》，提出《儀禮》與《家禮》並行不悖之說，試圖確立「四禮學」的獨立價值。第三階段（1251-1300）為進一步分流期。北山學派強調復古，以《通解》標準實踐古禮；宋元類書表現出《家禮》為綱、俗禮為目的俚俗化特徵。從整個傳統四禮學的演進歷史來看，明、清四禮學皆是十三世紀禮學「大分流」時代的進一步展開。

"In the Chinese history of four-ritual theory, 13 century was a critical period with argument and fission. This period canbe divided into three parts. The first, 1200-1220, was a differentiation period of the Chu’s school. With a great effort on biography and Li book, Hung Gan reconstruct the master’s theory on Li, and also n new school. In the new system, the Family Rituals was abandoned. However, Chen Chun, another prominent follower, tried his best to collect, study and rewrite this book. The meaning of Li was the most important principle, not the process. The second, 1221-1250, was a period of the Family Rituals, with argument and fission. Yang Fu, Huang’s follower, wrote A Interpretation of the Family Rituals. A lot of methods, like interpretation, supplement and rifacimento, were used in the book, changing the original document to suit ancient Li. On the other side, Zhou Fu insisted the Family Rituals and ancient Li were valuable and parallel texts. With abbreviation and adaptation Zhou’s book destructed Yang’s theory, establishing independent value of four-ritual theory. The third, 1251-1300, was a deeper differentiation period. Beishan school strengthened characteristics of restoring ancient Li. As the only principle, Li book was put into practice. But in the Genus-bools, the Family Rituals was involuted into the folk custom. Throughout the history of Li, the great divergence on the period heralded other ritual revolution in the Ming and Qing Dynasty."