氣候與修剪對高雄市菩提扁粉蝨族群變動之影響

Effects of climate and trimming modes on the population dynamic of Pealius spina (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in Kaohsiung City

於1998年3月至1999年4月間，每月在高雄市四處樣區進行菩提扁粉蝨若蟲與成蟲族群數量變動之採集，也探討若蟲數量與氣候因子之相關程度。在相同之時間，也在建國路每月調查三種不同修剪程度（＜2m、＞2m、未修剪）之植株上，扁粉蝨若蟲與成蟲數量之變動。結果發現，不同樣點間，扁粉蝨之成蟲與若蟲數量均有顯著差異，特別在6至10月間，高雄商職與一心路之若蟲數量有明顯增加之趨勢，若蟲數量與環境因子之相關分析顯示，若蟲數量有隨著月均溫昇高而增加的現象，但是，空氣中的粉塵，總懸浮微粒與氯鹽等三種污染源之濃度昇高時，則具有抑制若蟲族群的能力。每月調查不同修剪程度植株之蟲害記錄發現，修剪後嫩葉的發生有利於粉蝨若蟲與成蟲之滋生。因此，建議高雄市政府將夏季進行之菩提樹修剪改為在冬季初期（11-12月）進行，將可避免夏季時扁粉蝨之大量繁生，亦可增加該季節行道樹的綠意與美感。

"Monthly samples of Pealius spina adults and larvae were collected from four sampling regions in Kaohsiung City during March 1998 to April 1999. Additionally, the correlation of the numerical changes of larvae with climate parameters was investigated. During the same sampling period, the population dynamic of P. spina adult and larvae on three trimming modes of lime tree (Ficus religiosa) were also monitored. The result of this study indicated significant differences were presented among sites and months both for P. spina adults and larvae. Especially from June to October, obviously increase of P. spina larvae was noticed for sampling sites on Yi-xin Road and Kaohsiung Vocational High School of Commerce. The number of P. spina larvae would increase following the increasing of monthly mean temperature. However, a negative correlation was founded between the larval population and the dust, total suspended particulates, and chloride concentration in the air. This study evidenced that the new grow leaves after trimming would promote the infested severity by P. spina larvae. According to the result of this study, we suggested the trimming of lime tree (Ficus religiosa) should be considered to perform in early winter (November-December) to diminish the infestation intensity of P. spina larvae and increase the scenic view of road tree in summer."