以結構方程模式探討制握信念及社會支持在國中生壓力知覺的作用

The Effects of Locus of Control and Social Support on Perceived Life Stress in Junior High Students by Using Structure Equation Modeling

本研究綜合理論文獻建構一個國中生壓力模式，目的在探討性別、年級、制握信念與社會支持對壓力知覺的效果。模式中包含性別和年級兩個潛在自變項，以及制握信念、社會支持、與生活壓力三個潛在依變項。本研究以結構方程模式方法，分析所蒐集的觀察資料與模式的適配度。受試者採隨機分層叢集取樣，557 名學生分別抽自台南市六所國中。研究工具為制握信念量表、社會支持量表、和學生生活壓力量表。研究結果發現：（一）本研究所建構的壓力模式與觀察資料適配度的χ2值雖然達顯著水準，但從模式的其他整體適配度指標可知本研究所主張的壓力模式應可以用來解釋國中生的觀察資料。（二）性別對制握信念有顯著的直接效果，但是性別對知覺到的社會支持與生活壓力並無直接效果。（三）性別透過社會支持及制握信念對生活壓力有顯著的間接效果，另外性別藉由制握信念對知覺到的社會支持亦有顯著的間接效果。（四）年級只對生活壓力有顯著的直接效果，至於對所知覺的社會支持則無顯著的直接效果。（五）制握信念對知覺到的社會支持與生活壓力都有顯著的直接效果。（六）制握信念透過社會支持對生活壓力有顯著的間接效果。（七）社會支持對生活壓力有顯著的直接效果。最後本研究根據研究結果進行討論，並提出學校教育與未來研究上之建議。

This study constructed a structural model of a causal relationship between locus of control and social support on life stress for junior high students. Structure equation modeling with the LISREL computer program was used to investigate the model proposed by the author. The participants were 557 seventh to ninth graders from junior high schools in Tainan. The instruments employed in this study included：Locus of Control Scale， Social Support Scale， and Student's Life Stress Scale. The results of this study indicated：（a）according to other indices of overall model fit， the observed data could be interpreted by the maintained model although the former did not seem to fit the latter because of the significant of χ2 value，（b）sex had a significant direct effect on locus of control， but had no significant direct effects on social support and life stress，（c）sex had a significant indirect effect on social support and life stress，（d）grade had a significant direct effect on life stress，（e）locus of control had significant direct effects on both social support and life stress，（f）locus of control had a significant indirect effect on life stress， and（g）social support had significant direct effects on life stress. Moreover， the implications for the presented study were discussed and suggestions for school personnel and further research were also proposed.