日本開放式刑事設施脫逃事件防治策略之探討──以2018年松山刑務所大井造船作業場脫逃案為例

A Study of Japanese Escape Prevention Strategies for Open-type Institutions - The case of the 2018 Matsuyama Prison Oi Shipyard Escape Incident

"松山刑務所大井造船作業場，為日本之開放式刑事設施。該設施於2018年4月間發生1起受刑人脫逃事件，該名受刑人於脫逃23日後在距離原設施100公里路程外之處遭到日本警方逮捕，整起事件歷時多日、影響地區廣泛而驚動日本社會大眾。 事件經日本法務省成立之檢討委員會調查後，確認「受刑人遴選作業問題」、「受刑人心理狀態掌握的不充分」、「自治會制度的實施問題」、「物理警備設備的缺乏」、「作業員位置不易掌握」及「相關行政機關的應對不足」等問題點，並提出相對應之防治策略。大井造船作業場依據該防治策略進行改善後，至2020年底止未再發生脫逃事件。 鑒於日本將該防治策略作為其他開放式刑事設施警備、管理措施改善的檢視標準，可視之為日本所有開放式刑事設施總體檢察的依據。故本文透過該脫逃事件的說明，並針對日本法務省所提出的防治策略進行探討，提出「維持開放式刑事設施處遇及收容對象遴選制度」、「廢止自治會制度後之替代措施」、「審慎導入科技設備」、「強化受刑人心理狀況的掌握」等值得我國參考之處，以及「脫逃行為認定界線模糊」、「相關行政機關之通報流程疏失」、「媒體報導之資訊管制問題」等戒護管理引以為戒之處，期望能對我國矯正機關未來處理受刑人脫逃事件，以及改善開放式處遇有所助益。"

"The Oi Shipyard of Matsuyama Prison is one of open-type institutions in Japan. An escape incident occurred at the institution in April 2018. After 23days, the escaped inmate was captured by Japanese police in Hiroshima, 100 km far from the institution. The entire incident lasted multiple days, affected a wide area, and shocked the Japanese public. The Ministry of Justice (Japan) formed a review committee to investigate the incident, identifying issues such as 'problems in the selection of inmates', 'inadequate understanding of inmates' psychological state', 'problems in the system of the self-government committee', 'lack of physical security equipment', 'difficulty in keeping track of the locations of operators', and 'inadequate response from relevant administrative agencies'. The committee also proposed prevention strategies in response to these issues. Since improvements based on the prevention strategies were made to Oi Shipyard, there has not been another escape incident as of the end of 2020. In view of Japan using this set of prevention strategies as the inspection standard for improving the security and management measures of other open-type institutions, the strategies can be seen as the basis for all open-type institution inspections in Japan. Therefore, by discussing this escape incident and the prevention strategies proposed by Japan's Ministry of Justice, this article identifies areas where Taiwan can emulate Japan, such as 'maintaining the treatment and inmate selection system of open-type institutions', 'alternative measures after the abolition of self-governing systems', 'cautious introduction of surveillance technology', and 'improving understanding of inmates' psychological conditions'. The article will also highlight points of caution in security management, including 'unclear definition of what constitutes escape', 'negligence in reporting incidents to relevant administrative agencies', and 'problems with information control regarding media reports'. It is hoped that the article can be a benefit to the handling of potential escape incidents at Taiwanese correctional facilities and improve open-type treatment."