〈學記〉與〈勸學〉之教學禮義探析

Research on Etiquetteand Meaning of ''Xue Ji'' and ''Quan xue''

本文以對讀互詮的方式，依禮義思想理解《荀子．勸學》與《禮記．學記》的文本內容，省察成德之「教」、「學」中的禮義意涵，進而省思現今教育環境下的教學禮義。《荀子》與《禮記》對於禮樂或禮義的探討有相互融攝的可能，筆者關注「教」與「學」的關係，從教學目的、教學方法及教學效應三方面，探析〈學記〉與〈勸學〉之教學禮義，歸結為四點：一是教育活動的規範、儀節制度，依規範義而言，可視為學習禮義以為做人原則。二是教育內容包含禮的學習與規範，受教者學習各種禮儀的施行，見於傳統禮書記載。三〈學記〉的禮義觀念是有德性與德行的理則蘊含在教育主體的教師與學習者的相互關係中，並藉由師生教學活動實踐「教學相長」及「尊道敬學」，教學中蘊涵「禮義」價值。四、〈勸學〉著重學習者的責任，善學者善假於物，亦旁及教學互動的關係，強調後天環境及教育對人的影響，以禮修身養性、待人處世，是道德實踐的有效良方。

"Through reading and interpreting the texts of ''Quan Xue'' and ''Xue Ji'', think about the principle of etiquette in the teaching and learning, and reflect on the teaching etiquette in the current educational environment. I pay attention to the relationship between ''teaching'' and ''learning'', from the teaching purpose and education system, the teaching and learning method, and respect for teaching and learning. The analysis of the teaching etiquette of ''Quan Xue'' and '' Xue Ji'', which comes to four points : the first is the normative and ceremonial system of educational activities can be regarded as the principle of life and learning etiquette. The second is the content of education includes the study of rituals. The implementation of various rituals which are recorded in the traditional ritual books. The third, The principle of virtue in the ''Xue Ji'' is contained in the mutual relationship between the teacher and the learner, in the teaching and learning include the moral value of etiquette. The fourth, ''Quan Xue'' focuses on the responsibility of learners, it emphasizes the impact of acquired education on people. It is an effective recipe for moral practice to cultivate morals and treat others with courtesy."