火災時老人照護機構避難逃生方式研究──以基隆部立醫院附設護理之家為例

A study on the escape mode of elderly care institutions in case of fire - a case study of keelung Ministry Hospital attached nursing home

台灣人口結構快速老化，再加上少子化的衝擊，社會環境的逼迫，促使老人的照護成了棘手的問題。少子化以及家庭結構的改變等等因素，必須藉由老人長期照護機構在提供相關的支持，因此相關機構在短短的幾年間，快速的林立，但相關的規範、法規來不及完善，且是類場所的特色係為收容避難逃生的弱者，當不幸發生火災時，須依靠人員協助方能逃生，因此必須在災害發生前建構一套完善的避難逃生機制，方能保障場所的安全。本研究利用Pathfinder軟體模擬是類場所，模擬火災情境1為病房、2為廚房、3為儲藏室，利用避難輔助工具為輪椅以及病床來分析場所避難途徑就地避難、鄰接區劃避難、以及至相對安全區避難所需時間，在模擬狀況1病房的結果發現再就地避難部分使用輪椅進行避難比使用病床快了18秒，鄰接區劃部分輪椅比病床快了1127秒，至相對安全區部分輪椅比病床快了1043秒，模擬狀況2為廚房就地避難也是使用輪椅比病床快了94秒，鄰接區劃使用輪椅比病床快了1131秒，相對安全區區劃使用輪椅比病床快了1055秒，在狀況3儲藏室部分就地避難使用輪椅比使用病床快了86秒，鄰接區劃避難使用輪椅比使用病床快了1113秒，相對安全區避難使用輪椅比使用病床快了1033秒，模擬結果均顯示，在使用避難輔助工具上，使用輪椅較能將場所收容人員快速撤離至安全等待救援區劃，冀望能藉由模擬的結果藉提供場所參考，建立有效的避難逃生策略，保障住民收容安全。

"Rapid aging population structure in Taiwan, coupled with the impact of the country, the social environment of persecution, to the old man care became a thorny problem Decreases, and the change of family structure and so on factors, it is necessary to borrow in long-term care facilities in providing related support by the old man, so relevant institutions in a few short years, with fast, but the relevant specification Laws and regulations not perfect, and is characteristic of places for asylum in the weak, when the fire accident, must rely on staff to assist in order to escape, so have to construct a set of perfect before disaster evacuation escape mechanism, to protect the safety of workplace This research use the Pathfinder software simulation is places, simulated fire situation 1 for ward 2 is the kitchen, 3 is the storage room, and the use of refugee-assisted tools for wheelchair and hospital bed to analyze the refugee-in-place refugee-in-place adjacent zone refugee-in-place As well as to the relative safety shelter needs time, in a simulated conditions found one ward in situ asylum part using a wheelchair for refuge for 18 seconds faster than using a sickbed, adjacent districts of wheelchair just 1127 seconds faster than the bed, to the relative safety of wheelchair just 1043 seconds faster than the bed, simulation condition 2 on-site evacuation is also used for the kitchen wheelchair just 94 seconds faster than the bed , adjacent districts to use the wheelchair is faster than the bed for 1131 seconds, relative safety zone division use wheelchair just 1055 seconds faster than the bed, part 3 storeroom in situ asylum use a wheelchair 86 seconds faster than using a sickbed, refuge adjacent districts to use the wheelchair 1113 seconds faster than using a sickbed, relative safety refuge use a wheelchair 1033 seconds faster than using a sickbed, simulate the knot The results show that the wheelchair is more effective in evacuating residents to the safe rescue zone. It is hoped that the simulation results can be used to provide reference for the site, and an effective evacuation strategy can be established to guarantee the shelter safety of inhabitants."