番屯與隘墾──十九世紀北臺灣邊區三層埔的案例

"The Aborigine Military Colonies, Chinese Border Guards, and Land Reclamation: The Case of Sancengpu 三層埔 on the Taiwan Frontier in the Nineteenth Century"

本文以北臺灣淡水廳三層埔（今桃園市大溪區美華、福興里）為個案，說明清廷在十八世紀末林爽文事件後的善後事宜政策中，雖然延續前此的恤番政策，將全臺的熟番原住民整編成為番屯，並清查廣大的界外土地以支撐制度的運行。然而，臺灣的邊區卻也因此興起了由漢民以設置防番機構且墾資隘糧為由，向傳統縣級地方官府（淡水廳，而非乾隆中葉專為處理熟番事務而設的理番同知）申請，從事拓墾的新模式。這種被稱為「隘墾」的辦法，成為十九世紀邊區開發的主要模式，深遠影響了地方官府的治理與社會，儘管它仍因國家政策、商業貿易和社會發展，而有細微的調整變化。

"Using the case of Sancengpu 三層埔 (present-day Meihua 美華 and Fuxing 福興 Villages, Daxi District, Taoyuan City), this article identifies a new mode of reclamation in Taiwan following the Lin Shuangwen rebellion (1786-1788). It is true that in the post-rebellion era, the Qing dynasty continued its affirmative action, establishing the aborigine military colonies 番屯 that had dedicated funding for employing “civilized” 熟 aborigines. Nevertheless, the arrangements also enabled Han reclamation in frontier regions on the pretext of sustaining anti-“raw” 生 aborigine border guards. Chinese guards made their applications to county governments (in the case of Sancengpu, Danshui subprefecture) instead of the two subprefectures for aborigine affairs established in the middle decades of the reign of the Qianlong emperor. The new reclamation mode became the principal method for frontier developments in the history of the island during the nineteenth century. The mode had a profound impact on Taiwan’s governance and society, despite being constantly and slightly adjusted owing to changes in state policy, commerce and trade, and social developments."