虛無‧缺席‧失序──論董說《西遊補》的「物」敘事

"Nullity, Absence and Disruption: An Analysis of Dong Yue’s Narration of Wu 物 in Xiyou Bu"

作為《西遊記》的續衍之作，董說完成於1640年的《西遊補》，已是一部廣受矚目的經典。歷來學者多針對小說中的「夢」、「情」意涵加以發揮，卻較少深究此書豐富的「物」書寫，殊為可惜。文中認為，《西遊補》不僅體現晚明「物的崛起」之時代風尚，亦突顯董說對於「物」的多重反思。本文擬結合董說佛教徒的身分與思想義理，以及晚明盛行的物譜書寫，抉發其書深意。文中拈出「虛無」、「缺席」、「失序」三個關鍵詞，旨在強調小說中的「物」並不只是具體實物，更帶有「偽／真」、「夢／覺」、「無／有」的辯證意義。在《西遊補》中，物象雖然紛呈多變，卻弔詭地指向主體的消亡和體系的瓦解。

"An addendum to Journey to the West, Xiyou bu 西遊補 (A Supplement to Journey to the West), written by Dong Yue 董說 (1620-1686) in 1640, is a classic novel held in high regard. Throughout the years, scholars have been concentrating further studies on the meanings of “dream” and “affection,” while largely neglecting examinations into the abundance of content regarding wu 物 (material) within the text. The present research demonstrates that A Supplement to Journey to the West not only characterizes the trending “rise of wu” 物的崛起 during the late Ming dynasty, but also highlights Dong Yue’s reflections on wu as well as the “material individual.” By adopting a “material culture” perspective, this research integrates Dong Yue’s Buddhist identity and doctrines on thought, as well as exploring the depth of the novel through his narration of wu, a popular contemporary literary genre and writing style. “Nullity,” “absence,” and “disruption” as proffered by this research emphasize that wu is not merely a concrete object, but also logical discussions relating to “truth/ falsity,” “dream/reality,” and “nullity/existence.” In A Supplement to Journey to the West, despite having altered patterns and variations, the image of wu paradoxically leads to the dissolution of substance as well as the collapse of systems."