修辭學的現代轉向：以胡懷琛為研究個案

The Modern Turn of Rhetoric: A Case Study of Hu Huachen

胡懷琛（1886-1938），又名胡寄塵，安徽涇縣人，與其兄胡樸安，同為「南社」社員。胡懷琛畢業於新式學校「南洋中學」，其後除執教外，亦曾主編《小說世界》以及編纂語文課本。胡氏於新舊文藝創作、學術義理考辨、國文教學以及修辭學研究，皆有著述。胡懷琛於 1923 年撰作《修辭學要略》、1931 年又有《修辭的方法》，1935 年再增補為《修辭學發微》，其問世早於中國現代修辭學的奠基之作──陳望道（1891-1977）的《修辭學發凡》（1932 年初版）。胡氏所揭示的諸多修辭觀點，卻也被陳所質疑、批判。胡、陳同處民國新舊文化衝擊的大時代，皆具舊學根底，並受西方現代科學思潮的影響。本論文研究胡懷琛的修辭書寫特色，並試瞭解其觀念是如何轉變？又為何轉向？他的修辭主張怎樣傳播與影響？此外，亦考察胡、陳兩人修辭學之別，並梳理陳對胡的哪些見解持有異議。胡、陳相關著述再版時均有修訂，其中有哪些堅持？哪些改變？本文透過對論爭的分析及相關比勘切入，自歷史的角度探索胡懷琛的修辭書寫表現。

"Hu Huachen (1886~1938), who is also named Hu ChiChen, was born in Jing county of Anhui province, he and his brother, Hu PuAn are both the members of “The South School”. Hu Huachen graduated from new style school, “Nanyang Middle School”, later on, in addition to teaching job, he also was the editor of “Novel World” and did the compilation of language textbook. Mr. Hu has works and books on new/old literary and artistic creation, academic doctrine examination, teaching Chinese and rhetoric research.Hu Huachen wrote “Rhetoric Outline” in 1923, “Rhetoric Methods” in 1931, and supplemented the work into “Rhetoric discovery” in 1935, the publish of this work is earlier than the cornerstone work of Chinese modern rhetoric—“An introduction of Rhetoric”(First published in 1932) of Chen WangTao (1891~1977). Many of the rhetoric viewpoints revealed by Mr. Hu, however, some of Mr. Hu’s viewpoints are also questioned and criticized by Mr. Chen WangTao.Mr. Hu and Mr. Chen both lived in an era where the new and old cultures collided, they both have the bases in old schools and also influenced by western modern scientific thinking, this paper plans to explore Mr. Hu Huachen’s characteristics in rhetoric writing, and understand which opinions Mr. Chen WangTao disagree with. The works of Mr. Hu and Mr. Chen all have revision in their later edition, which part they insisted ?, and which part they have changed? This paper would cut in through the analysis of opinions and relevant comparison, and discover Mr. Hu Huachen’s rhetoric writing performance from historical angle. "