轉向內闈——論唐宋詩中「醜婦」涵義的衍變

Turning the inner Quarters：The ugly women writing of poetry in Tang and Song Dynasty

本文以唐宋詩歌為範疇，對「醜婦」涵義予以綜合考察，論述審美意識與婦德觀的衍變。唐前，涉及女性之醜的詩歌寥寥無幾，唐代詩人則以「醜婦」為新穎的表達，藉此審視自身，或對社會倫理、家國治亂提出深刻批判，「醜婦」可謂失序的象徵。北宋時期，詩人轉向內闈婦女的觀看，以蘇軾、黃庭堅〈薄薄酒〉為代表，娶妻醜婦是士人安貧處窮、樂道閒暇的自我標誌，反常合道，影響深遠。至南宋，詩歌中的「醜婦」衍變為恪守本分、操持家務的賢良「內助」，反映江湖詩人安貧沖寂、實踐個體道德的心志。綜觀宋代，蘇軾之後，美色的價值日益瓦解、消亡，醜婦孟光之「德」則逐漸典範化。南宋詩人圍繞妍醜的思辨，以「醜婦」的書寫建構婦德觀，標舉婦女當以道德為根柢，持敬為旨歸，在婦女史上獨樹一幟，深刻體現宋型文化的特質。

"The pursuit of beauty is the universal emotion of human beings. The female writing of Chinese classical poetry also mostly focused on beautiful women. Beautiful women are deeply concerned by writers of different ages. However, the ugly women also gradually become a topic of discussion. Currently, the study of the ugly women in classical literature rarely involves poetry. The first section of this paper will describe the development of the idea about the ugly women before Tang Dynasty. Section two will discuss the unique perception and image of the ugly women in Tang Dynasty. The ugly women always combined with the creator and his political situation or literary metaphor. Section three will analyze the meaning of Bo Bo Jiu（薄薄酒） the created by Su Shi. The poem displayed the change that ugly women becomes a symbol of peace and happiness of the man. The last section will discuss the reason why ugly women can become an important subject in South Song Dynasty. The ugly women finally become the persons of praise and beyond the opposition between beauty and ugliness. "