社會投資觀點的性別分析：以臺灣女性創業方案為例

Engendering Social Investment Policies: A Case Study of Startup Program for Women in Taiwan

本論文主要探討提升女性勞動力及兒童照顧型的社會投資方案，是否能帶來性別平等的目的，改變原本社會福利典範的慣性？社會投資方案背後的意識型態為何？對於女性所造成的影響力為何？本論文將以臺灣社會投資政策──以女性為對象之創業方案「女性創業飛雁計畫」、「微型創業鳳凰計畫」資料為例，探討社會投資政策在臺灣實踐的模式，並進一步以性別分析的觀點，以期深化、補充與修改社會投資觀點。結論中提到，社會投資觀點的提出確實帶來對傳統福利國家典範的衝擊，但並未改變原有的典範模式。社會投資政策的目的不能只放在活化福利依賴人口，而是要「先能力建構（投資）再談就業」，任何公共政策都不該只將女性視為「客體」，在強迫弱勢勞工進入勞動力市場前先給予資源充權，社會投資的理念才能夠達到正向的發展結果。

"This article explores three research questions. For those social investment policies towards to female labour force and children care, can they change the original welfare regime and bring gender equality for the society? What is the original ideology of those policies? To what extent, those policies affect women? This paper also exams the profile of Taiwan's women in the labour market and related policies. Using ＂Fei-Yen Women Entrepreneurship Program＂ and ＂Micro-Business Startup Phoenix Program＂ as case studies, which programs focus on helping women to start up their business, this study hopes to enhance, extend and modify social investment policy from a gernder analysis perspective. Our main conclusion is that social investment policies have impact on traditional welfare regimes, but do not change the nature of them. It is not appropriate for social investment policies to focus on pushing the welfare recipient to join the labour market. Instead, ＂capability building＂ should be done before promoting employment. Any public policies should not regard women as a policy instrument and disadvantaged workers need more empowerment before entering the low-skilled and low-salary job market. Then social investment policies can fulfill its original ideas to a new welfare era."