從認識論到價值論：司法證明模式的新展開

From Epistemology to Axiology: A New Development of Judicial Proof Mode

司法證明模式是證據推理和事實認定所採用的具體方法。新興司法證明模式將科學領域的概率、故事和論證等方法搬上法庭，在發現事實的同時著意展示過程及其問題，以概率論揭示法庭認知的系統性錯誤，以故事呈現法庭事實認定的真相，以論證表現法庭上的對立衝突。然而，新興司法證明模式憑借認識論優勢追求過程可視化的同時，也暴露了其在價值論方面的缺陷。概率模式與訴訟程序存在理念上的衝突，故事模式與證明標準的價值目標存在背離，論證模式不能完全體現證明責任規則的價值選擇。有鑒於此，我國未來的司法證明模式可在保留認識論優勢的同時補足價值論短板，形成以認識論和價值論為共同基礎，兼採多種認識論手段的混合型司法證明模式。

"The judicial proof model refers to the specific methods used in evidence reasoning and fact finding. The emerging judicial proof model brings the methods of probability, story, and argumentation in the scientific field to the court. While discovering the facts, it focuses on showing the process and its problems, revealing the systematic errors of court cognition with probability theory, presenting the truth of court fact-finding with stories, and showing the conflicts between parties in the court with argumentation. However, while the emerging judicial proof model relies on its epistemological advantages to pursue process visualization, it also exposes its flaws in the theory of value. The probability model has conceptual conflicts with litigation procedure, the story model deviates from the value goal of the proof standard, and the argument model cannot fully reflect the value choice of the burden of proof rule. In view of this, our country’s future judicial proof model can make up for the shortcomings of value theory while retaining the advantages of epistemology, and form a hybrid judicial proof model based on epistemology and axiology and adopting multiple epistemological methods."