體外胚胎的權利生成與民法典保護模式選擇

The Rights Construction of In Vitro Embryos and its Protection Mode in Chi na’s Civil Code

以近年來體外胚胎糾紛裁判文書為物件，探討體外胚胎的問題由來、權利構成等問題。主張體外胚胎既包含人格權、身份權，也兼具“物”的屬性。民法典實施過程中，無論是以“人”的視角，還是以“物”的視角，體外胚胎在人格權獨立成編的體系構造中都能獲得有效保護，但在保護模式上尚需強化、細化具體條件和相關程式。進而提出以人格權編為主的人格權一體保護模式，輔之以《民法典》第1183條第2款為依據的侵權法保護，以第996條為依據的合同法保護三種模式，力求為體外胚胎的法律保護及糾紛解決提供有效的制度供給。於確證民事權利的同時，為司法裁判提供有益的適法參考和進路選擇。

"Taking the judgement documents as the research object, this paper discusses the origin of the problem, the composition of rights of in vitro embryos, which holds that in vitro embryo contains not only the right of personality and identity, but also the attribute of“thing”. In the process of Civil Code implementation, whether from the perspective of“human”or“thing”, in vitro embryos can be effectively protected under the system effect of independent compilation of personality rights, but its protection mode should be consolidated and specified. Furthermore, this paper puts forward three modes of integrated protection of personality rights based on personality rights, Tort Law protection based on Article 1183 (2), and Contract Law protection based on Article 996, so as to provide useful reference to application of law and route selection for judicial decision, as well as justifying civil rights."