反不正當競爭法“權利”與“利益”雙重客體保護新論

“權利一元保護”與“利益一元保護”是學界對反不正當競爭法（反法）保護客體的一般概括，且建基於反法“利益一元保護”通說之上的知識產權法往往具有適用上的優先性。但是，從反法的歷史血統、利益與權利的轉化程式以及現行反法的規範實踐來看，利益與權利雙重保護更符合反法的客觀實際：在歷史演化層面，反法雖從民法中分離，但本質上卻承繼了傳統民法中權利與利益雙重保護的血統;在轉化程式上，反法伴隨著“利益—法益—應然權利—法定權利”的轉化路徑而形成一種“隨動關係”，既為這一“過程利益”提供保護，又將作為“轉化節點”的具體“法益”和“權利”以實定法的方式確立下來；在規範實踐方面，作為法益保護的經營者利益以及社會公共利益、作為應然權利的商譽權、作為從應然權利向法定權利成功轉型的商業秘密權，以及作為法定權利的消費者知情權等客體均得到了反法的實際承認。在雙重客體保護論的基礎上，反法中的諸多疑難問題均可獲得進一步釋明。

"“Unitary protection of rights”and“unitary protection of interests”are the general summary of the protected object of Anti-unfair Competition Law (“AUCL”) in academic circles, and the Intellectual Property Law based on the general theory of“unitary protection of interests”of AUCL often has Priority in application. However, from the perspectives of the historical origin of AUCL, the transformation process between interests and rights, and the legal practices of the current AUCL, the double protection of rights and interests is more consistent with the objective reality of AUCL. From the perspective of historical evolution, though AUCL is separated from Civil Law, it essentially has inherited the origin of dual protection of rights and interests in the traditional Civil Law. In terms of the transformation process, AUCL has formed a“follow-up relationship”with the transformation path of“interests-legal interests-idealistic rights-legal rights”, which not only provides protection for the“process interests”, but also establishes the specific“legal interests”and“rights”as the“transformation node”in the way of black letter law. In terms of the legal practices, the operato’s interests and social public interests protected by legal interests, the right of goodwill as an idealistic right, the trade secret right as a successful transition from the idealistic right to legal right, and consumer’s right of information as a legal right, and other objects, have all been actually recognized by AUCL. Based on the theory of dual object protection of rights and interests, many difficult problems in AUCL can be further explained."