為什麼選擇性執法？制度動因及其規制

選擇性執法源於一系列制度約束條件的客觀存在，具有必然性。政策型選擇性執法的制度約束條件是，行政執法機關的組織結構特徵決定了其無可避免地嵌入到地方政府實現中心工作的框架中，特定政策目標替代了維護理想法律秩序的執法目標。成本型選擇性執法源于直接執法成本與間接執法成本的約束，前者決定了完全執法是不可能且沒有必要的，後者使選擇性執法成為行政執法機關緩解成文法規則與社會具體情境之間矛盾的途徑。回應型選擇性執法源於以「人民當家作主」理念為中心的代表制民主決定了政府的正當性來自於對民意的有效回應，這種正當性基礎要求行政執法機關必須通過選擇性執法積極回應基本民意與焦點民意。由此，有效規制政策型與回應型選擇性執法的途徑是將「是否在裁量權範圍內實施選擇性執法」納入到政府考核評價體系中。有效規製成本型選擇性執法的途徑是在財政上保障行政執法機關充足的經費、建立有效的行政法執法反饋機制等。

"Selective Law Enforcement (SLE) originates from a series of institutional constraints and is inevitable. The institutional constraint of Policy-based Selective Law Enforcement (PSLE) is that the organizational characteristics of administrative law enforcement agencies determines that they are inevitably embedded in the framework of the local government's central work, and that specific policy objectives re-place the enforcement objective of maintaining the desired legal order. Cost-based Selective Law Enforcement (CSLE) stems from the constraints of direct law enforcement costs and indirect law enforcement costs. The former determines that complete law enforcement is impossible and unnecessary, while the latter makes the SLE a way for administrative law enforcement agencies to mitigate the contradiction between statutory rules and the specific circumstances of society. Responsive Selective Law Enforcement (RSLE) results from the representative democracy centered on the concept of popular sovereignty, which determines that the legitimacy of the government comes from the effective response to the public opinion. Such a legitimacy basis requires the administrative law enforcement agencies to actively respond to the basic public opinion and the focus public opinion through SLE. Therefore, the way to effectively regulate the PSLE and RSLE is to include ''whether SLE is carried out within the scope of discretion'' into the government evaluation system. The way to effectively regulate the CSLE is to ensure sufficient financial re-sources for administrative law enforcement agencies and to establish an effective feedback mechanism for administrative law enforcement."