德國學習工場：一個實踐STEAM教育的教育模式

German Learning Workshop: An Educational Model for Practicing STEAM Education

近年來STEM或STEAM備受各國重視，被當成是培育未來具有競爭力人才的途徑。STEM是科學（S）、科技（T）、工程（E）和數學（M）的縮寫，在德國則把上述幾個學科領域的德文字的字首組合成MINT，STEM之後又被加入藝術（A）了變成了STEAM。不管是英語系稱的STEM、STEAM或是德語系的MINT，其目的在於建立學習者跨領域思維和創意的解決問題能力。其實跨領域的學習和以問題為中心的課程在德國教育界早就開啟，例如學習工場（Lernwerkstatt）從1980年開始做為大學教育系開設或發展創新課程的空間，學習者被鼓勵發現生活中的各種問題，並以該空間提供的多元、豐富的材料和日常物件，及各式工具動手實作來解決問題，而教學者則成了陪伴者。學習工場這個名稱可以被視為是做為一個學習的空間，也可以被當成一種教學理念和策略，它在第一次PISA評量之後在德國學校和幼兒園被推廣，被視為做為大學端培養MINT人材的基礎。本文之目的在於介紹學習工場起源、所依歸的理念、目前之發展，及對於台灣教育的啟示。

"STEM or STEAM has in recent years attracted much attention in various countries and is regarded as a way to cultivate future talents. STEM is the abbreviation of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. In Germany, the German prefixes of the above-mentioned disciplines are combined into MINT. The art is later added to STEM , so STEM became STEAM. Whether it is STEM/ STEAM in the English-spoken countries, or MINT in the German-spoken countries, their purpose is to build learners' cross-disciplinary thinking and creative problem-solving skills. In fact, cross-disciplinary learning and Problem-based learning have long been offered in the German education system. For example, Learning Workshop has been since 1980 used as a space for university education departments to develop innovative courses. Learners are encouraged to discover various problems in daily life, and use the diverse and numerous materials, daily objects, and various tools to solve the problems. And teachers become learning partners. Workshop was vigorously promoted in German schools and kindergartens after the first PISA assessment, and was regarded as the basis for cultivating MINT talents at universities. Learning Workshop can be seen as a learning space, or as a teaching philosophy and strategy. The purpose of this article is to introduce the history of the learning workshop, the philosophy behind it, its current development, and its enlightenment to Taiwan education."