中等技職教師實施學生生涯輔導之策略與方法

The Research on the Strategies and Methods for Secondary Technological and Vocational Teachers Used to Implement Student Career Guidance

根據《技術及職業教育法》規定，技職教師具有協助學生進行職業試探及職業準備之生（職）涯輔導職責。本研究旨在探討中等技職教師對學生的生涯輔導策略與方法及其面臨的挑戰。研究採質性訪談法，以30位中等技職教育學校之專任教師為對象。蒐集所得資料採主題分析法進行編碼與分析。研究結果顯示生涯輔導型式以融入式課程及非正式課程為主，使用之生涯輔導策略，計有四大策略及15種方法，策略一：「重視師生互動」，包括：建立正向關係、發掘學生優勢、評估需求與輔導成效3種方法。策略二：「強調有效教學」，包括：應用多元教學方法、自創教學法、自編教材與調整課程方向、以及精進和補救教學4種方法。策略三：「實踐職場接軌」，包括：辦理職場講座與參訪、要求實作與與證照考試、實施選手訓練與競賽、帶領專題製作與參展4種方法、以及策略四：「積極連結資源」，包括：進行產學合作、配合政府政策或申請計畫、邀請家長參與、強化教師或業師合作4種方法。另外，研究也從制度、招生、教師、學生、家長等不同面向，歸納出實施生涯輔導的6大挑戰。最後，根據研究結果，提出建議，作為技職教育推動生涯輔導的參考。

"According to the 'Technical and Vocational Education Law', the Secondary Technical Vocational Teachers have the responsibility of assisting students in career exploration and career preparation. The aims of this study are to explore the strategies, methods, and challenges of promoting career guidance in technical and vocational schools. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 teachers. The results show that teachers provided career guidance during class or during extra-curricular periods. A thematic analysis of these interviews produced 4 major strategies and 15 methods: (1) value teacher and student’s interactions (build positive relationship, find out students’ strength, evaluate student’s needs), (2) emphasize on effective teaching (apply multiple teaching strategies, apply self-designed teaching strategies, use self-designed materials and adjust course direction, give after school lessons), (3) connect to the real world (arrange career guidance lecture and industry visitation, require students to have practical experience and obtain certificates, train students to participate in the competition, expect student to do projects and take part in project exhibition), (4) link resources (engage in collaboration between industry and school, comply with government policy or apply for government projects and grants, invite parents to participate, work with industry mentor). In addition, this study also summarizes six major challenges in the implementation of career guidance from different aspects such as the school system, school enrollment policy, teachers, students and parents. Based on the research results, suggestions are put forward as a reference for the promotion of career counseling in technical and vocational education."