三至六歲幼兒故事敘說之詞類分析研究

A Study on Three to Six Year-Olds’ Use of Part of Speech in Narrating Story

本研究旨在分析幼兒在故事敘說中使用詞類、高頻詞及新詞的情形，研究對象包括3歲、5歲及6歲幼兒，共90位。研究者蒐集幼兒針對無字圖畫書進行故事敘說的語言樣本，並採用兒童語料交換系統進行轉譯、編碼與分析。研究結果發現：一、三個年齡組的故事敘說時均會使用各種詞類。二、詞類的使用上，實詞的佔比高於虛詞，名列前四名為動詞、名詞、副詞和代詞。三、詞類使用偏好方面，實詞中以「動詞」為主，虛詞中以連接詞為主。四、高頻詞包含連接詞「然後」、副詞「就」和「在」以及代詞「他」。五、除數詞及助詞外，其餘詞類隨年齡而增長，且以名詞、動詞及副詞增加最多。文末提出本研究之限制與對未來研究的建議。

"The study examines children’s use of part of speech, high-frequency words, and vocabulary when narrating wordless picture books. A total of 90 children of ages 3, 5, and 6 participated in this study. The researcher used Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES) to analyze children’s spoken language samples when they told a story using wordless picture books. The data was translated, coded, and analyzed. Results indicate that firstly, these three groups of children used words with a variety of parts of speech in narration. Secondly, children preferred using more content words to using function words, with verb being the majority, followed by noun, adverb, and pronoun. Thirdly, their preferred content words were verbs. Conjunctions were the most frequently used function word. Fourthly, for the high-frequency words, children often used “rán hòu,”(conjunction) “ jiù” and “ zài” (adverb), and “tā”(pronoun).” Fifthly, except numeral and helping verb, children’s vocabulary grew through development, specifically in the use of nouns, verbs, and adverbs. Limitations and suggestions for future research are offered at the end of discussion."