清華簡《司歲》字詞校理及原理探析

The Study of Word Characters and Document Theory of Tsing Hua Bamboo Slips Si Sui

本文在原整理者的成果上，就清華簡《司歲》的「字詞訓釋」與「數術原理」進行討論，認為簡文中的「辰」字不僅保留了較早的字形結構，在簡文中也分別指涉六辰之辰、地支之辰以及星辰之辰，文中「兩辰」實指太歲與歲星；簡文「抈」字應可釋為表初始、起始義的「才」字；簡13「□」當為十二之合文，可能是書手漏寫合文符號。《司歲》是以十二為基數進行推演，確定「受舒月」之後，以六辰分配地支，其中僅受舒與上、中、下時進行易位（輪值）。易位的機制則建立於簡12至13所言的「弋（代）出弋（代）入」─二辰在十二歲中輪值的概念，其中二間與無豐（無厲）則無需輪值。由此可知本篇與孔家坡漢簡《日書．司歲》篇揭示了十二歲這一系統，由歲星紀年法配合六辰司歲占斷吉凶，演變至以單純的神煞化十二歲占斷吉凶的進程。

"Based on the results of the original organizers, this paper discusses the''Word Explanations''and''Theory of Shu Shu''of Si Sui in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, and conclude that the character''Chen (辰)''in the simplified text not only retains the earlier glyph structure, but also refers to the six-days eve, the earthly branch, and the star, respectively.''Er Chen (二辰)''actually refers to''Tai Sui (太歲)''and''Sui Xing (歲星)''; the word''Cai (抈)''in the simple text should be interpreted as the word''Cai (抈)''representing the initial meaning; the''Ge Chu Ge Ru (戈出戈入)''in slip No.12 to No.13 can be regarded as''Yi Chu Yi Ru (弋出弋入),''which means''translocation''concept; slip no.13 should be regarded as the''He Wen,''just the handwriting of the book misses the symbol for''He Wen.''Si Sui using the''Theory of Shu Shu,''the earthly branches are allocated based on six days. Among them, only the''Shou Shu (受舒)''and the upper, middle, and lower periods are translocated (rotation), and the second and no Feng (豐), Wu Li (無厲) means no. This paper and Kong Jia Po's Han Bamboo Slips''Ri Shu Si Sui''reveals the twelve-year-old system, which is evolved by the''Sui Xing (歲星)''Chronicle Method."