說「索」與「𡩡」

The Study about “Suǒ”(索) and “Suǒ”(𡩡)

「索」與「𡩡」二字，以「索」字先出，早見於甲骨文，「𡩡」字後出，但亦不晚於西周金文。「索」字在甲骨文中，以「繩索」為其初義，今日「索」字字義中，除表示繩子外，亦常見「搜索」義，不過搜索義之「索」，從戰國時期以後的出土簡牘所見，應以「𡩡」字為是。「𡩡」應取「索」之讀音，再加上「宀」部構件以表其義，意指「入家求」或在某範圍中進行搜索。「𡩡」字的搜索義，從西漢中期以後逐漸被「索」取代，字義轉入「索」字之中，「𡩡」的字形也逐漸不用，致使後人遂將「搜𡩡」寫成「搜索」。本文的目的在說明「𡩡」與「索」二字，原本在字形及字義上是不同的，二者的不同從戰國到漢初的出土簡牘中清楚可見，但約自西漢中期，出土簡牘中的「索」字，開始取代「𡩡」字，字形及字義都被取代掉。另外，「索」字從甲骨文以來的繩索義，在今日的漢語方言中仍然保留以單字的「索」音來表達，如福建及部分的廣東漢語方言。以單字「索」音表示繩索義的漢語方言，其實遠承自甲骨文的初義，最具悠久的歷史。

"The word“Suǒ”(索) has long appeared in Oracle, another word“Suǒ”(𡩡) that appears relatively late, but it won't go beyond the Western Zhou Dynasty. The most primitive meaning in Oracle of the word“Suǒ”(索) means the“rope”, but in modern significance, it adds the meaning of“search”. Just analysis from the unearthed data, the word that represents“search”is not it, it's another“Suǒ”(𡩡) word.The purpose of this paper is to explain that the words“Suǒ”(索) and“Suǒ”(𡩡) are different in glyphs and glyphs, the differences between the two words are clearly visible from the unearthed Bamboo slips during Warring States period to the early Han Dynasty. Just after the middle of the West Han Dynasty, the meaning of the“Suǒ”(𡩡) word is incorporated into another“Suǒ”(索) word, causes later on to think that the meaning of“search”is using the“Suǒ”(索) word, it also makes the“Suǒ”(𡩡) word less and less used.The“Suǒ”(索) meaning of rope since Oracle is still expressed in a single-word voice“Suǒ”(索) in today's Chinese dialects, for example, Fujian and some of the Cantonese Chinese dialects are pronounced this way. The Chinese dialects, which represents rope meaning in the singleword“Suǒ”(索) tone, is in fact far from the original meaning of Oracle and has the longest history."