中國大陸難民，滯留泰國問題之研究

A Study on the Issue of Refugees from Mainland China Staying in Thailand

在第九屆立法院閉會之後，基於立法屆期不連續原則，《難民法草案》因未完成審議三讀通過，已進行的立法程序盡皆作廢，準用難民法的《臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例》以及《香港澳門關係條例》相關修正條文自也無從附麗而相應完成立法。一切等待第十屆立法院成立後重新計議。但我國關於難民法制的建立問題，仍不能說是前功盡棄，因為2019年初中國大陸政治難民劉興聯、顏克芬由泰國來臺跳機，以及6月後香港大量參與反對《逃犯條例修訂草案》運動人民來臺避難，使難民法制的問題受到臺灣社會空前的關注，立法策略的辯論在公民社會成了重大議題，因此使得民主進步黨政府對於原先的《難民法草案》立法有了新的看法，延緩了立法的進度，而使其胎死腹中。儘管如此，這一曲折的過程卻也提高了臺灣社會對於難民法制的整體認識，對於臺灣應盡的國際義務有所認知，對未來立法的完善周全也未嘗不是一件好事。我國難民法制不能閉門造車，這是臺灣對國際社會是否願意主動承擔人道責任的選擇，因此一旦決定實施，就要對於聯合國難民法制及其實踐應當有所合作協力，對於難民的可能範圍要有所掌握，各國的經驗要有所參考，對臺灣社會的影響要有所評估。聯合國難民事務高級專員辦公處在曼谷設有辦事處，而泰國對中華人民共和國人民之入境提供落地簽證的服務，中華人民共和國難民也就通常循此管道至泰國向聯合國提出難民申請；但由於人數眾多，聯合國處理作業難以負荷，也就形成了大量滯留於泰國的當代中國難民問題。基於同文同種的理由，臺灣一向是中國難民最嚮往的去處，所以我國難民法制首要處理的對象，必屬中國難民無疑。有基於此，本文乃欲針對當代滯留泰國中國難民的相關問題進行研究，主要方法為訪談和文獻，而嘗試解答以下三個問題：一、中國大陸滯留泰國難民申請聯合國難民證的經驗；二、泰國政府對待中國和各國難民的政策；三、對我國因應中國難民策略的參考。

"According to the principle of discontinuity of legislative terms, after the closure of the ninth session of the Legislative Yuan, all outstanding legislative procedures dealing with the draft of the Refugee Law have been invalidated. It has neither been reviewed nor passed through a third reading. The relevant amendment provisions of the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area and the Laws and Regulations Regarding Hong Kong and Macao Affairs that shall apply mutatis mutandis have also not been completed. Everything will be reconsidered after the beginning of the tenth session of the Legislative Yuan. However, all previous efforts to establish a legal system for refugees cannot be perceived as useless. Chinese political refugees, Liu Xinglian and Yan Bojun, illegally entered Taiwan from Thailand early in 2019. Moreover, a large number of advocates for the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement escaped from Hong Kong to Taiwan after June. Hence the issue of legal system of refugees has won unprecedented attention in Taiwan. The debate on legislative strategies has become a major issue in civil society. This has made the governing party, the Democratic Progressive Party, adopt a new point of view on refugee legislation and postponed the legislation. Nevertheless, this tortuous process has also improved Taiwanese understanding of the legal system governing refugees and Taiwan’s duties in the international community. It would be helpful to promote better refugee legislation in the future. Our country’s refugee legislation cannot be reckless. It is important for people to decide whether to shoulder humanitarian responsibilities. Therefore, once the Refugee Law is implemented, the Taiwanese government should ensure that the Law is dovetailed with United Nations’principles and practices, and consider the kind of refugees whom we want to protect. Best practices of other countries must be studied, and the impact on Taiwanese society must be evaluated. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has an office in Bangkok. Since Thailand provides visas on arrival for citizens of the People’s Republic of China, refugees from the People’s Republic of China usually go to Thailand to apply for refugees status from the United Nations. However, due to the large number of applicants, the United Nations is overloaded. Thus there has been a large number of persons held in detention. As Chinese share the same language with us, Taiwan has always been the most favorable destination for Chinese refugees. Therefore, the primary target group of the Refugee Law in our country must be Chinese. As such, this article studies the relevant issues of contemporary Chinese refugees staying in Thailand. The core methodologies of this study are elite interviewing and a review of literature. This research explores three core issues as listed below: 1. The experience of Chinese refugees applying for United Nations’refugee status in Thailand; 2. Thailand’s policy on refugees from China and other countries; 3. Taiwan’s strategy for managing Chinese refugees."