魯凱族的道德經濟：社會組織、傳統農耕與災害應對

The Moral Economy of Rukai Society: Social Organization, Traditional Agriculture, and Natural Hazards Prevention

本研究探討霧臺魯凱族的農業實作與社會組織文化如何相互鑲嵌，進而構成道德經濟的一環。研究資料主要來自第一作者從2015年迄今，對19位族人的正式訪問、部落的日常生活觀察，以及2015–2017年間的親自農事耕作與記錄。研究發現，霧臺魯凱社會道德經濟最重要的組織原則是「最小化風險」。在農耕實作上，透過混作栽培、輪耕、現地保存等方法來降低地力消耗、蟲害、天災的問題。在社會文化上，透過頭目貴族進行的資源重分配、族人之間的分享互惠，同時降低了部落最底層人的生存風險，以及自然災害發生的機率。

This paper explores how agricultural practices in Rukai society are embedded in its social cultural institutions, which constitute a part of Rukai’s moral economy. The data were mainly collected by the first author and include formal interviews with 19 Rukai elders, field observations, and participation in farming from 2015 to 2017. The research findings indicate that the most important principle of Rukai’s moral economy is ’’risk minimization. ’’ Agricultural practices of mixed plantation, shifting cultivation, and not harvesting specific crops are used to minimize the risk of soil exhaustion, insect pests, and damage from other natural disaster. Socio-culturally, the principle of risk minimization is invoked in the redistribution of resources from talyalai (chiefs or nobles) to common people and reciprocity among the people, both of which minimize the subsistence risk of the poorest people and reduce the impact of natural hazards.