生理性別、性別角色取向在職家互動的作用：三階調節效果的檢驗

Sex and Gender Role Orientation on the Work-Family Interface: Testing Three-Way Interactions

本研究採性別角色取向理論的視角，檢視個人之性別特質認同與生理性別在職家介面上的交互影響。我們對276位各行各業的工作者進行了兩階段的問卷調查，在控制了與職家角色相關之傳統價值觀後，發現「生理性別」、「性別角色取向」及「家庭責任」之三階交互作用能顯著預測雙向的職家衝突。在男性群體中，高女性化特質會強化「家庭責任與工作對家庭衝突」及「家庭責任與家庭對工作衝突」之間的關係；但在女性群體中，低女性化特質會強化前述兩組關係。此結果顯示某些類型的「非傳統」性別角色認同者（如：高度認同女性化特質的男性、低度認同女性化特質的女性）可能是職家調應中的高壓力群體，故此，後續研究應更關注多元的「性別」建構在職家互動中的意涵，即體認個體被社會賦予之性別角色與其心理性別認同間的差異，期能更全面與深入地理解兩性在工作與家庭互動介面上的真實體驗。

"From the perspective of gender role orientation, we examined the joint interactive effects of gender role orientation and biological sex on the work and family interface. We conducted a two-wave survey involving 276 employees working in different organizations of diverse industries across Taiwan. After controlling for traditional gender role values, we found significant three-way interactions (sex×gender role orientation×family responsibility) in predicting the bidirectional work and family conflict. Specifically, for men, high femininity strengthened the positive relationships between family responsibility and work-to-family conflict as well as between family responsibility and family-to-work conflict. For women, however, it was low femininity that strengthened the same sets of relationships. Our findings suggest that certain types of non-traditional gender identities (e.g. men endorsing high femininity traits and women endorsing low femininity traits) increase the adjustment challenges for both sexes, especially in a transitional society. Researchers should recognize the differences between the individual’s socially prescribed gender role and his/her psychological gender identity, so as to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of men’s and women’s lived experiences on the work and family interface."