刑法中行為單複數的判斷：事實與規範之間

行為單數與行為複數是競合論的分水嶺，也是想像競合與實質競合的區分標準。行為數乃前構成要件的事實概念，不應以“構成要件該當次數”“法益數”等規範標準來判斷行為單複數，只能從事實層面根據類型化的“單一行為的客觀結構形式”，並結合主觀意思決定的單一性來判斷。但規範並非無所作為，除了以“前見”介入事實判斷外，它還通過其立法創制機能實現對行為單數的擬制；不作為犯、過失犯等特殊犯罪形態的行為單複數也離不開解釋論上的規範性判斷。

The number of behaviors is not only the dividing line of concurrence of offenses, but also the key to distinguishing constructed concurrence of offenses and real concurrence of offenses. Since the number of behaviors is an empirical fact, the judgment thereof should not depend on the number of constitutive requirements and legal interests, but on the human behavior and intentional decision. In the meantime, normative judgment can also play a role. Not only does it affect the judgment of the number of behaviors as“prior-knowledge”,but also realizes the fictionalization of the singular behavior through its creative function on the legislative theory. Moreover, the judgment of the singular behavior of obligation offenses, such as omission offenses and negligent offenses, cannot be separated from the normative judgment.