「北方領土」與1970年代日中關係

Northern Territories Dispute in Japan-China Relations During the 1970s

東亞國際關係研究中，探討第三國如何評論其兩個鄰國之間的領土問題之研究仍不多見。日本與蘇聯不單是中共的鄰邦，同時各自也有深刻的歷史問題與領土問題待解決。冷戰期間中共如何看待日蘇之間的領土問題：「北方領土」，即成為一個值得探究的議題。《人民日報》是中共最重要的機關報，其報導將相當程度地反映當局的態度與政策。本文利用該報資料庫，以關鍵字搜尋相關新聞，試圖藉由《人民日報》對「北方領土」的報導，疏理並分析中共對日蘇領土問題的觀點變化。研究發現，《人民日報》依據當局不同時期的對外關係與外交理念，而對「北方領土」稱謂、歸屬立場、報導頻率、報導對象等進行了大幅度的調整。尤其1970年代日中建交以降，「北方領土」報導搭配「反對霸權」的主張，進行大量刊載，一時成為報上宣傳重點之一。日中建交以後，整個1970年代中共論述蘇聯佔領下的「北方領土」，背後所代表的，除了敦促《日中和平友好條約》的簽訂，亦即「聯日制蘇」邏輯外，還有「三個世界理論」反霸鬥爭理念、以及宣洩中蘇領土糾紛之民族主義情感等，可謂三者思緒交織下進行對日宣傳的現象。

Japan and the Soviet Union have long-term territorial issue, so-called the Northern Territories dispute. China, as its neighbor, also has a complex history and territorial disputes with both Japan and the Soviet Union. Therefore, how China views and discusses ''The Northern Territories'' has become an interesting perspective to observe Chinese foreign relations in an alternative way. This research examines People's Daily, which is an official newspaper of the Central Committee of the CCP covering the territorial dispute in the 1970s. The study found that Chinese government's perception and position on the Northern Territories issue changed significantly after the Japan-China Joint Declaration in September 1972. Since then, its news is regularly accompanied by ''anti-hegemony'' slogan, and is consciously served as one of the propaganda tools in line with Chinese diplomatic ideology in the 1970s. By treating the Japan-Soviet territorial dispute, People's Daily announces the intention to unite with Japan in order to counter the Soviet Union, and also implies the ideological combat with the Soviet Union.