英文摘要 |
The semiconductor is the brain of modern electronics. It has a wide range of applications. As current technological products and applications are often related to the military, economic and trade, technology, security and consumers’ needs of various countries, the R&D, production, and manufacturing of semiconductors have become the important strategic key issue and materials to all countries. In the meantime, the strategic competition between the United States (U.S.) and China have spread from military and diplomacy to the trade and technology issues before the end of Obama Administration, and then to the Trump Administration until the current Biden Administration. In the field of science and technology (S&T), the issue of U.S.’s semiconductor policy toward China has become the key issue of the Biden Administration’s S&T policy against China. Basically, since the Obama Administration, major factors such as industrial policy and trade benefits, technological control, ensuring supply chain security, and the technological dominance in the future can be used to explain the recent U.S.’s policy response and measures in the field of U.S.’s semiconductor policy toward China. In summary, by major factors as above, this article argues that in recent years, the U.S.’s semiconductor policy toward China has undergone major changes before the end of Obama Administration for responding to China’s active support of the domestic semiconductor industry, China’s ambition to significantly increase the self-production rate of chips, and China’s active investment as well as mergers and acquisitions of U.S. semiconductor companies. After that, the U.S. government has gradually increased its vigilance on China’s S&T strategy. During the Trump Administration, the U.S. and China have engaged in comprehensive competition from the arena of trade, technological, diplomatic wars, to the military strength demonstrations. After the Biden Administration took office, although the pattern of intensified strategic competition between the U.S. and China has not fundamentally changed, however the Biden Administration has particularly focused on the S&T sector with new ''small yard, high fence'' and ''multilateral alliance'' strategies. Under the new S&T policy against China, the U.S. and the global semiconductor industries will also face a number of major possible influences from coming opportunities and challenges. Finally, this article also illustrates the focus of observation on the U.S.'s semiconductor policy toward China from the four major factors, which including industrial policy and trade benefits, technology control, supply chain security, and technology dominance for reference of related research in the future. |