台灣與南韓校園空氣污染防制政策之比較研究

Comparison of campus air pollution control policy between Taiwan and South Korea

目標：空氣污染是全球兒童最大健康威脅之一。本研究比較台灣與南韓之校園空污防制政策規範，了解差異性與可改善方向。方法：本文從四方面比較我國與南韓校園空污防制政策，包括空品標準、空污監測、校園空污惡化之緊急應對、空污校園防護等。結果：（1）戶外空氣污染物之標準，我國訂定PM_2.5、PM_10、O_3、NO_2、SO_2、CO和鉛，南韓多增加苯之監測，南韓部分之空品標準也較嚴格。室內空品監測部分，南韓有針對幼兒園和學校場所強制監控，並新增監測之污染物；（2）在室內空品法規方面，南韓專為幼兒族群訂定更高標準之保護措施；而台灣室內空品監測在校園場所仍缺乏全面監測；（3）南韓在空污緊急應對措施之啟動標準對於兒童的保護皆較台灣之標準敏感；南韓近年修法編列預算新增校園保護措施（教室統一安裝空污監測及淨化設備等）。結論：南韓近年對校園空污防制相關之法規頻繁修法，針對兒童族群提供強化之特殊保護，包括空氣品質標準加嚴、新增監控之污染物、空氣污染納入學校衛生法，和編列預算以改善監測與改善校園空氣品質所需之硬體設施，均可作為我國修法之參考。

Objectives: Air pollution represents a considerable threat to child health worldwide. This study compared Taiwan and South Korea’s air pollution control policies, with a focus on campus regulations. Methods: Taiwan and South Korea's air pollution control policies were compared with respect to air quality standards, air quality monitoring, emergency response measures to air pollution deterioration, and air quality measures at schools. Results: With regard to outdoor air pollutants, Taiwan has established standards for PM_(2.5), PM_(10), O_3, NO_2, SO_2, CO, and Pb, in addition to which South Korea has established a standard for benzene. South Korea's standards are stricter for some pollutants. In terms of indoor air pollutants, South Korea has mandated compulsory monitoring of specific pollutants and monitored more air pollutants on campus. In terms of indoor air quality, South Korea has established higher standards specifically for kindergartens. By contrast, Taiwan's Indoor Air Quality Act does not include campuses for air pollution monitoring. South Korea's emergency response measures to air pollution deterioration prioritize child protection more than do Taiwan's. South Korea has amended the law and added a budget for protection equipment on campuses, such as air pollution monitoring and purification equipment; this policy should be considered in Taiwan. Conclusions: South Korea has frequently amended the campus air pollution measures to enhance the protection of child health in recent years. The measures include setting higher air quality standards, including air pollution control in the School Health Act, and budgeting for facilities to monitor and improve the air quality of campuses. South Korea's campus air pollution control policies can serve as reference for policy amendment in Taiwan.