台灣成年民眾之室外空氣污染健康識能調查

A survey of ambient air pollution health literacy among adult residents of Taiwan

目標：本研究目的為要探討影響室外空氣污染健康識能的因素並界定出我國低室外空氣污染健康識能之族群特性。方法：此為一橫斷性研究，以全國20-70歲的成年民眾為研究對象，收案時間自2020年9月11日至10月22日止。使用電腦輔助電話訪問系統蒐集電訪資料，網路收案則採取立意取樣方式為之。本研究使用32題之中文版「室外空氣污染健康識能問卷」進行電話訪問與網路調查。以決策樹模型演算區辨出低室外空氣污染健康識能之族群特性。結果：共有1,588份問卷納入分析，包含：電話訪問（1,297份）以及網路調查（291份）。透過全國性樣本之調查與決策樹模型分類結果，界定出我國民眾低室外空氣污染健康識能之族群特性為：未婚、教育程度為高中、以及居住於南部地區之民眾。結論：教育程度、居住地與婚姻狀態為影響民眾室外空氣污染健康識能程度高低的影響因素。未來可以針對低室外空氣污染健康識能的族群，作為後續衛教介入之目標族群，藉此期望可提升整體民眾對室外空氣污染健康識能的程度，降低室外空氣污染對健康的衝擊。

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore characteristics related to ambient air pollution health literacy (AAPHL) and to identify groups with lower AAPHL. Methods: A national, cross-sectional study of Taiwanese adults aged 20-70 years was conducted. Data were collected from September 11 to October 22, 2020. We conducted the survey through computer-assisted telephone interviews. In addition, purposive sampling was used in online surveys. A 32-item Chinese version of the AAPHL assessment tool was used in telephone interviews and online surveys. Decision tree modeling was used to ascertain the characteristics of those with low AAPHL. Results: A total of 1,297 telephone interviews and 291 online surveys were completed, and 1,588 questionnaires were analyzed. The data indicated that having high school education, being unmarried, and living in southern Taiwan were associated with low AAPHL. Conclusions: The education level, area of residence, and marital status were the key risk factors affecting AAPHL. People with the identified characteristics should be regarded as the target population for health education interventions to enhance AAPHL levels in the general population and to reduce the impact of ambient air pollution on public health.