商標法上商標使用概念的統一及其制度完善

從本體看，商標使用包括促使商標形成與商標形成之後的商標使用兩種形式和兩個階段，具有主體、對象、主觀目的與客觀環境等構成要素。商標法的通信觀念和商標符號利益分配觀念共同決定了，商標使用的制度目的是在合理區別商標使用和其他標誌使用行為的基礎上促進商標通信系統的建立和維持。儘管世界各國或地區商標法表面上存在著兩種不同的商標使用的立法例，但商標使用概念實質上是統一的，而結合其本體論和目的論則可以給出統一的商標使用概念。在統一商標使用概念下，我國《商標法》的商標使用條款應置於總則，統一適用於商標法全部制度，《商標法》第15條第2款、第32條和第59條第3款的“使用”均應重新界定，第57條的商標侵權行為類型應重新劃定。

From the perspective of ontology, the trademark use includes two forms and two stages, namely, the trademark use to promote the formation of a trademark and the trademark use after the formation of a trademark, and has subject, object, subjective purpose and objective environment elements. The concepts of communication and interests distribution of trademark symbol in trademark law jointly determine that the legal purpose of the trademark use is to promote the establishment and maintenance of trademark communication system on the basis of reasonable distinction between trademark use and other behaviors of using a sign. Although there exist two different legislations on trademark use in various countries or regions in the world, the concept of the trademark use is essentially unified, and a unified concept of the use of trademarks can be given by combining its ontological and teleological aspects. Under the unified concept of trademark use, the terms of trademark use in Trademark Law should be placed in the general provisions and applied to all systems of the trademark law, the trademark use in Article 15 (2), Article 32 and Article 59 (3) should be redefined, and the acts of trademark infringement in Article 57 should be redefined.