以社會資本理論省思海洋治理發展新趨勢──對海洋基本法的反思與建議

Reflecting on the new trend of ocean governance development based on social capital theory—Reflections and Suggestions on the Ocean Basic Act

本文以社會資本理論觀點探討海洋治理，政策網絡的成員因互動頻繁得以共享信念，信任得以建立，此時提高了公平付出的意願，也才能整合不同的利害關係人，海洋治理也才能有所推動。歐盟的海洋治理經驗中，在生態治理系統下，特別重視社會互動以強化海洋公民意識，如此才能平行整合不同部門與地區，才有機會達成海洋善治目標。英國的實證經驗更告訴我們，「非正式的邀請」讓參與者願意被整合，此為整合成功的關鍵，而這就是社會資本的作用。台灣從2001年開始發展海洋政策起因在於維繫主權，2004年更以海洋作為政策綱領，2019年公布的海洋基本法落實主權維護與海洋立國發展的主張。2020年政府雖然公布了海洋政策白皮書，卻少了海洋綠色能源取得的政策與籌組產官學研聯盟以推動海洋產業，因此本文建議未來應該重視此兩面向，始讓海洋善治成為可能。

This article discusses ocean governance base on the perspective of social capital theory. The stakeholders of the policy network share beliefs and then build trust by frequent interactions. It's meaning, the ocean governance could work within that stakeholders can be integrated by fairly interaction. According the EU ocean governance experience, if the good ocean governance could be work, it should be to focus on social interaction to integrate stakeholders under the ecological system. Another successful ocean governance experience in UK, it works by informal invitations to integrate stakeholders. Taiwan started to develop ocean policies in 2001 because of safeguarding sovereignty. In 2004, the Taiwan government announced state development base on marine as its ocean policy. In 2019, both of safeguarding sovereignty and state development base on marine are implemented in the Ocean Basic Law. In 2020, although Taiwan government published the National Ocean White Paper, but it does not focus on green energy and forming an ally with stakeholders. The government have to promote both of that and let the good ocean governance true in the future.