臺灣地區民眾之環境知識、態度、信念與行為關聯性分析

An Analysis of the Correlation of Environmental Knowledge, Attitude, Belief and Behavior among the People in Taiwan

隨著科技與工業的發展，人類在物質生活的條件上獲得大幅度的改善，但伴隨而來的是環境資源日漸耗竭，與環境品質急遽惡化。為保護地球資源，達成環境永續的目的，自1972年起聯合國便召開多次的環境會議，會議中曾多次提及，透過教育可使人類更加瞭解環境、尊重環境與保護環境，以達到環境永續的目的。回顧環境教育、與環境行為模式的相關文獻發現，學者們多從知識、態度、與信念去衡量民眾的環境行為，故本研究係以環境知識、環境態度、環境信念、與環境行為，去構成臺灣民眾環境EQ指標，並藉由SEM去建立環境EQ模式。研究結果發現，民眾在基本的「環保知識」以及「環保政策」具有較高的認知度；但對於較新穎的「環保名詞」，或是國際性的「環保公約」的認知度相對低。在環境態度與信念上，民眾對於增加環境維護費用的態度，都傾向支持；相較於「交通建設」或「經濟開發」，民眾均較重視「保護環境生態」。另外，臺灣民眾在「環境政策配合度」上很高，但在願意負擔「綠色消費支出」與「參與環保活動頻率」的比例卻相對低。在環境EQ模式的部份，民眾的環境知識（0.64）、態度（0.52）、與信念（0.37）皆會正向的影響其行為。其中，民眾的知識、態度屬直接性的影響，而信念則是透過知識、態度產生間接性的影響。最後，本研究提出環境EQ模式來評估環境素養的各構面影響行為的關係。

With the development of science and technology and industry, human beings obtain a substantial improvement in the life, accompanied by the depletion of environmental resources, and the rapid deterioration of environmental quality. In order to protect the Earth's resources and to achieve the goal of environmental sustainability, the United Nations has held a number of environmental meetings since 1972, and it repeatedly mentioned that education can make people more aware of the environment, respect the environment and protect the environment to achieve the purpose of environmental sustainability. According to some literature, related the environmental education, and environmental behavior patterns, the scholars always concern the knowledge, attitude, and beliefs to measure the environmental behavior of people. Therefore, this study is based on environmental knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior to constitute the indicators of the people environmental EQ in Taiwan, and to establish the environment EQ model by SEM. In the result of this study, people have a high degree of awareness in the“environmental protection knowledge”and“environmental policy”, but they have a relatively low awareness of the more innovative“environmental noun”or the international“environmental protection convention”. In the context of environmental attitudes and beliefs, people agree to support the increase in environmental maintenance costs. Compared with“traffic construction”or“economic development”, people are more concerned about“protecting the environment and ecology”. In addition, the people of Taiwan extremely support the“environmental policy co-ordination”, but they are very unwilling to pay the cost of“green consumption expenditure”and“participation in environmental activities”. In the environment EQ model, the environmental knowledge (0.64), the environmental attitudes (0.52), and the environmental beliefs (0.37) will positively affect the environmental behavior. Besides, the knowledge and the attitude directly affect the behavior. The faith is through the knowledge and the attitude to indirectly affect the behavior. Finally, this study proposes an environmental EQ model to assess the relationship among the each component of environmental literacy.