論詞話中的中和文學觀──以評論宋代詞人為主要討論對象

Literature View of Standard and Harmony in Poetry──Comments on the poets of the Song Dynasty as the Target of Discussion

詞話的中和精神，可以從雅正與和諧兩部分討論。由於詞的音樂性，使詞話家可以引《禮記》來詮解詞作，詞藉此能與儒家經典有所連結而上攀風雅，使以閨房兒女為內容的詞作，也因詞話家所賦予的言外之意，而有全新的地位。其次，如果想要保留詞的言情能力，又要控制在雅正的範疇之內，雅俗相和是用以兼顧二者的作法。這種經過調節的和諧，符合儒家詩教之正，由於其深厚豐富的感情，卻能婉轉含蓄的表達，反而更能顯現出詞體要眇宜修之美感。針對雅俗相和所遭遇之困境，詞話家強調發乎情，止乎禮義。情之所鍾，雖然感人至深，為了使詞作避開「太涉於淫」的下場，在冷靜的觀照後以禮節情，是詞話家公開的度人金針。此外，詞話家發現追求雅正其實有一個便利的捷徑，即是透過適當的揀擇，化用唐詩中符合詞體美感的詩句，創造出自然而優雅的詞作，提供詞體雅化的方便法門。

Talent selection by imperial examination enjoyed a very long history. Confucian classics were taken as teaching materials for a long time, while literati were influenced unconsciously to different extents by the Confucian literature views, no matter whether they were supported or opposed. Three immortal ideas of ''expounding one’s ideas in writing'' attracted poets to form their own schools of statements. Influenced by the literature view of standard and harmony, some poets involved discussion on the refining of poetry and gradually updated the status of poetry through inheritance and accumulation. Spirits of standard and harmony in poetry can be discussed from perspectives of standard and harmony. Because of the musicality of poetry, poets can cite the Book of Rites to explain poems. In this way, poems become elegant because of linkage with some Confucian classics. Poems themed by people in boudoirs are granted with implications by poets and thus have a brand-new status. Secondly, in order to remain emotional expression in poems and restrain them in categories of elegance and standard, elegant and worldly elements are often unified. The adjusted harmony conforms to standards of Confucian preaching. Because of the tactful and implicit expression of deep and abundant emotions, the beauty of elegance and decoration of poetry can be further embodied. Aiming at the dilemma faced by elegance and popularity harmony, poets emphasize ''start with love, end with virtue''. Emotions expressed can hardly be impressive. In order to avoid ''over- obscene'' in poetry, emotions are restrained by virtues under calm expression, which was widely applied by poets in the public. In addition, as believed by poets, the easy way to pursue elegance and standard is paraphrasing poetry lines of the Tang Dynasty with poetry beauty through proper selection, creating natural and elegant poems and providing an effective approach for poetry refinement.