廣東省大埔縣東南部，客家方言小稱詞調查研究

A Survey of the Diminutives in Hakka Dialects in South-Eastern Dapu County, Guangdong

本研究調查廣東省大埔縣東南部的百侯、平原、楓朗、雙漢、大東、岩上等6個鎮村客家方言小稱詞的形成。本研究採用152個客家話常用單音節詞根語素做為調查字表，每個鎮村選取兩位發音人進行調查與記錄。調查結果敘述如下：（一）這些鎮村客家話小稱詞均以詞根語素後接小稱詞綴形成，小稱詞綴為[tə55]或[tə]。（二）在百侯鎮與岩上村，除百侯鎮的陰入調詞根語素後接[tə55]外，其餘調類的根語素均後接輕聲的小稱詞綴[tə]，調長較短，音強較小，調值較低。（三）本研究提出大埔縣客家方言小稱詞綴的演變模式，為東勢客家話小稱調的來源與形成提供新的觀點。

This study targeted at the investigation of the diminutives in the Hakka dialects in Baihou, Pingyuan, Fenglang, Shuangxi, Dadong and Yanshang in south-eastern Dapu County, Guangdong. The word list used for the fieldwork survey included 152 common monosyllables. Two speech informants in each Hakka dialect joined this study. They were asked to read the citation tones and the diminutives in their dialects. The results were stated in the following. First, all diminutives in these Hakka varieties were created by attaching diminutive suffixes [tə55] or [tə] to monosyllabic stems. Second, for Baihou and Yanshang, the [tə55] suffix appeared after the stems carrying Yinru tones in Baihou Hakka; yet, a neutral-tone diminutive suffix [tə] occurred elsewhere. Third, the situation that stems with Yinru behave differently from those with other citation tones in terms of diminutive suffixes is observable in Huliao Hakka, too. For this sake, it is reasonable to classify Huliao and Baihou into the same dialect group. Finally, this study proposed the developmental stages of diminutive suffixes in Dapu Hakka dialects ([tə55]→[(t)ə55/31]→[(t)ə31]), and offered a new analytic perspective for the origin and formation of diminutive tones in Dongshi Hakka.