辨體與通義──論劉咸炘「明統知類」校讎法

Sorting the Corpora and Arriving at Meaning -- A Discussion of Liu Xianxin’s''Mingtong zhilei''Method of Proofreading

劉咸炘學識淵博，治學遍及經史子集，對於整治分類傳統典籍的校讎學、目錄學有深入的探究分析。本文擬分析其校讎思想，聚焦在「明統知類」法的運用，此法是劉咸炘在章學誠「知類」的基礎上孳乳而得。本文的研究取徑，採取層層遞進由淺入深的方式。首先要釐清者是明統知類的內涵特性，劉咸炘如何透過明統知類的功夫辨「體」梳理古籍？其次，對於章學誠的校讎學有哪些吸收？又有哪些轉化改良？最後，劉咸炘是如何藉由校讎法整治古今書籍「通」義？上述諸多種種課題，筆者擬欲逐一釐清，抽絲剝繭從中提挈出劉咸炘的校讎思想與價值特色。作為治學起點基礎的校讎法，在求取學問過程中所扮演的舉足輕重角色，將在本文充分體現。以上，為本文大旨所在。

Liu Xianxin’s scholarly erudition was both broad and profound, extending across the four traditional branches of Chinese literature: the Classics, the Histories, the Philosophers, and the Literary Collections. Aiming towards the task of classifying and organizing bodies of ancient text, Liu did a great deal of research in the areas of proofreading and bibliography. The following study aims to analyze Liu’s theory of proofreading, particularly his use of ''Mingtong zhilei'' (Illuminating systems and knowing categories), a method created on the basis of Zhang Xuecheng’s ''knowing categories.'' This paper approaches its subject matter in layers, gradually moving from surface stratum to deeper levels. First, I will clarify the properties of the theory of ''illuminating systems and knowing categories.'' Using this theory, how was Liu Xianxin able to distinguish and sort the seperated categories of text corpora (ti)? Next, what elements of Zhang Xuecheng’s proofreading methodology did Liu Xianxin absorb into his own work? What changes and improvements did he make? Finally, how was Liu Xianxin able to use proofreading as a method for‘arriving’(tong) at the meaning of ancient texts? Moreover, what was Liu referring to specifically when he used the word ''meaning'' (yi). I addressed these multifarious issues one by one, painstakingly working to bring forth Liu Xianxin’s unique values and his theory of proofreading. The status of Liu’s work as the foundational starting point for scholarship on proofreading methodology, as well as Liu’s influential role in the historical pursuit of knowledge, would all be reflected in the contents of this paper. The aforementioned topics are the main purposes of this study.