權利與權力的均衡秩序：憲法建構的核心概念

Equilibrium Order between Right and Power－Core Concept of Constitution Structure

人民基本權利和政府統治權力是憲法建構的核心價值。自十八、九世紀西方立憲主義興起後，權利與權力秩序關係不斷受到挑戰，其中以馬列主義的挑戰最為嚴峻，沈重的影響二十世紀人類社會。雖然馬列社會主義的無產階級所專有的權利制約權力秩序概念，在二十世紀的實踐過程中已證明它的不合人性與失敗；現代化立憲主義也承認無限制的行使個人權利，必定會損害社會公益，但政府也不能以社會公益或國家安全為藉口任意犧牲人民權利。本文嘗試探討權利與權力之平衡秩序遭受挑戰之原因與過程，提出權利與權力的均衡秩序關係概念，因應權利與權力在不同時期、不同民族間之的不同平衡點的動態平衡現象，以落實憲政民主之治。

The core value for the establishment of constitution is the pursuit for active balance between fundamental human rights and governmental ruling power. The most critical challenge to the nations in western hemisphere who initiated their constitution establishment in 18th and 19th century is the formation of Marxism with its negative and continuous influence until the ending of 20th century. Although Marxism with its concept for labor-class's absolute right had been proved failed due inhumanitarian in the process of test in 20th century, modernizational establishment for the constitution is also questionable to guard the absolute power for human rights. Nobody can guarantee the protection for human rights will not suffer public interest. The optimum for the protection for human rights, social interest and country security is the active balance for all governments to achieve. This report is to reflect a concept of equilibrium to balance the ruling power order and human rights. It is also taken grant for the provokes and reasons to occur the unrest which may be in different circumstances and even races. Ultimately and no doubt, it is an unturnable trend for all to implement for constitutional democracy.