劉師培的行誼與教育思想

The Life and Education Ideology of Liu Shipei

劉師培（1884-1919），字申叔，江蘇儀徵人。光緒二十八年（1902）舉人。1907年赴日本，為《民報》撰稿人。1912年執教四川國學院。1917年任北京大學教授。著有《中國民約精義》、《倫理教科書》、《經學教科書》、《中國文學教科書》、《中國歷史教科書》等。他的思想淵源於陽明學派哲學與近現代歐美思想，其教育思想可歸納為四點：第一，主張每個人生來具有良知良能，各有自由平等之權，故政治與社會制度不可規定以等級之分；第二，強調普及教育，呼籲當政者應提供教育機會給婦女、農工、販夫等，使人人皆得接受教育；第三，倡導新時代的進步的倫理觀念，引領並摧化國民道德思維與實踐走出傳統；第四，推崇儒家教育學說，視之為興發教法良計。

Liu Shipei (1884-1919), also named Shenshu, come from Yizheng, Jiangsu. He earned his scholar title“Ju Ren”in 1902. He journeyed to Japan and became a writer of“Min Bao”(People's News). He later became a teacher in Sichuan National Academy in 1912. In 1917, he continued teaching in PeKing University as a professor. He authored“ZhongGuo MinYue JingYi”(Retrospect on Democracy, and People's right and Freedom in Chinese History),“LunLi JiaoKeShu”(Textbook of Morality),“JinShu JiaoKeShu”(Textbook of Philosophy), and“ZhongGuo WunXue JiaoKeShu”(Textbook of Chinese Literature). Liu Shipei's ideology originated from Yangmingism philosophy and modern western Philosophy. His ideology can be categorized into the following four points: First, he advocates that humans are born with virtues and conscience, and with equal rights, and thus there should be no social or political hierarchy among people. Second, he proposes universalized education, meaning that the governors should provide education opportunities to women, laborers, peddler, etc. Third, he promotes modern moral and ethical concept, to prompt the shift of Chinese traditional moral concept to the modernized concept. Fourth, respected the Confucianist education theory, regarded as good teaching.