玄奘法師對中國佛教文化的影響

Master Xuanzhan and His Impact on Chinese Buddhist Culture

玄奘法師是中國偉大的高僧，在佛教史上的成就難有人可以和他比擬，他不僅是偉大的旅行家，也是偉大的翻譯家，同時又是出色的教育家和外交家。在中國歷史上，玄奘是了解印度文化最深的一個人。他一生追求真理，盡瘁於學術研究，其思想影響遠及日本、朝鮮。他所弘傳的學說，既有「般若」、「瑜伽」的廣博精微，又有「唯識」、「因明」的縝密周至，不管在教學規範，或思惟法則，凡所講述均屬創聞，對中國佛學思想的影響極為廣泛深遠。在唯識哲學方面，除翻譯瑜伽行派根本論書《瑜伽師地論》外，還糅合印度諸大論師之精華成《成唯識論》。《大唐西域記》是一部極為重要的歷史、地理和考古文獻，在中外交通方面的記載和文學方面的價值都非常高。他對中國佛教文化以及對世界學術史上的貢獻，有待全面估計，本文從：玄奘法師的譯經事業在中國佛教文化史上的意義、玄奘師徒對唯識學的譯傳與創發、玄奘法師對因明學在中國流傳的貢獻、玄奘法師對部派佛教的貢獻、《大唐西域記》與印度和中亞諸國的古代地理學等面向，論述玄奘法師對中國佛教文化的影響，肯定玄奘為中國和印度文化作出了偉大的貢獻，且其影響持續至今。

Master Xuanzhan is a great monk in the history of China, who had the deepest understanding of India and its culture. Throughout his life he pursued the truth and devoted himself to scholarly research. The impact of his thoughts stretched to Japan and Korea. Among the thoughts he spread included Prajna, Ashtanga,Vijñānavāda, and Hetuvidyā. In terms of teaching methodology or reasoning, Master Xuanzhan was a pioneer. In the field of Vijñānavāda philosophy, Master Xuanzhan translated Yogacara-bhumi-sastra into Chinese. He also translated and edited Vijñāptimātratāsiddhi, a quintessence of various Indian Buddhist scholars. His masterpiece, Journey to the West in the Great Tang Dynasty, is an importance collection of history, geography and archeology, with very high scholarly value to our understanding of cultural interactions and literature. As to its contributions to Chinese Buddhist culture and to the study of world history, we need to carefully reevaluate. This article examines the following aspects of Master Xuanzhan's activities and acknowledges his great contributions: his sutra translations and its significance in the Chinese Buddhist culture; his translation and innovations in the field of Yogacara; his role in spreading the knowledge of Hetuvidyā; his endeavors to the study of Sectarian Buddhism; and his work Journey to the West in the Great Tang Dynasty to our understanding of India and other Inner Asian states.