臺灣國會改革之法制問題探討

An Exploration of Legal Institutions of Parliamentary Reform in Taiwan

美國著名雜誌「外交政策」（Foreign Policy），曾將臺灣、日本及比利時等國家，同評比為是「全球最無能的國會」。臺灣的國會議員及朝野政黨都應該深刻反省。臺灣國會無能的原因很多，但「憲政體制不明」、「議長權威不彰」、「議員暴力行為」等因素，絕對是造成國會無能的主要關鍵原因。臺灣國會稱為「立法院」為我國最高的中央民意機關，主要任務在於制定品質優良的法律，做為行政部門依法行政的指南。然而，長期以來，臺灣最高立法機關的表現，令大多數民眾十分失望，不僅立法的品質與效率低落，議員的不當言行事件更時有所聞。未來如果透過「憲政體制改造」、「議長權力增加」、「立委除名制度」、「立委選制改革」，以及有效落實「國會五法」等政策措施，是否有助於臺灣國會功能的改進，是值得社會各界深思的問題。本論文係透過「法制化」的角度探討與深入分析，特別舉出臺灣國會的一些長年問題，供社會各界檢視；同時提出一些具體性的政策建議，供政府未來欲再進行「國會改革」工程時的重要決策參考。

The well-known American journal Foreign Policy once ranked the parliaments of Taiwan, Japan, and Belgium as among the most ineffectual worldwide. The reasons for the lethargy of Taiwan's parliament include, but are not limited to, the following: an ambiguous constitutional system, low level of authority of the Speaker, and the violent actions of the members of parliament. Taiwan's parliament, the Legislative Yuan, is the highest level centrally elected representative institution of the country. It aims to create and monitor a legal system to guide executive agencies in administration. Its performance over the last few decades has, however, been disappointing. The quality and efficiency of legislation remains unsatisfactory, while the members of parliament themselves continue to deal with personal and public matters inappropriately. In order to improve Taiwan's parliamentary functions, it is worth considering constitutional reforms, such as constitutional reform, the enhancement of the legal status of the Speaker's police powers, the establishment of an expulsion system for members of parliament, a restructuring of the election system for members of parliament, and proactive steps in the execution of policies, such as the Five Laws of Parliament. This paper explores the abovementioned problems from the perspective of legal institutions and presents specific policy-making suggestions for parliamentary reform.