Darwin 演化論之後的人觀   全文下載

The Concept of Human Nature after Darwin

人觀問題之探討是重要的，不僅由於它能提供人學領域上的理論知識，也由於它對我們在人生中應該做什麼有深遠的蘊涵。然而，Hume 之「實然」無法導出「應然」的主張似乎瓦解了上述的蘊涵。在本文中，我論證Hume 之主張的理據未必真有那麼堅實。之後，我分析Darwin 的演化論如何挑戰傳統的人觀。我也會指出Darwinism 所論述的人觀。我的結論是，Darwinism 有助於我們進一步理解若干熱烈爭論的倫理議題。

It is held that an inquiry into human nature is important， not only because it can provide us with a theoretical knowledge of what man is， but also because it has far-reaching implications for what we ought to do in our lives. However， Hume’s thesis that from “is” cannot be derived “ought” seems to undermine such implications. In this paper， I argue that Hume’s thesis is not as well-founded as one might think it is. Then I analyze how Darwin’s evolutionary theory challenges the traditional conception of human beings. Finally， a portrait of man will be made in the light of Darwinism， before I conclude that Darwinism helps to shed light on some hotly debated ethical issues.