論著作權法的「寬進寬出」結構

著作權直接侵權責任成立的體系化分析框架由客體、權能與限制環節構成。該分析框架應當遵循「寬進寬出」的總體思路。「寬進」指放寬准入，讓非典型客體和非典型利用方式進入著作權法視野，旨在利用著作權分析框架的認知優勢來應對海量信息成果帶來的界權挑戰，而不是為了擴大保護範圍。為了平衡創新者與利用者的利益，著作權分析框架還需「寬出」，允許那些有利於社會福利增長但難以獲得許可的分散化和非標準化利用行為免於承擔侵權責任。「寬進寬出」的規範寓意包括不過分抬高作品門檻、將臨時複製視為複製、將深層鏈接納入信息網絡傳播權範圍，以及引入合理使用一般條款。將客體、權能和限制環節以體系化方式進行解讀，有助於促成著作權法解釋論向功能主義方向發展。

Controversial questions regarding the subject matter, exclusive rights and limitations in copyright law shall be examined in light of a structural understanding of copyright law. For the vast majority of intellectual creations, the more cost-efficient way to delineate the exclusive right is to do it ex post, namely after a potential disagreement becomes a real dispute. Among all the regimes provided by intellectual property laws, copyright law fits best to such an ex post model. Patent law, in contrast, re-presents largely an ex ante analytical framework. As the prototype ex post delineation mechanism, copy-right law is bound to be open for a vast number of highly heterogeneous disputes. Accordingly, both the ''entrance'' and the ''exit'' of copyright liability should be kept flexible. On one hand, the subject matter and exclusive rights should be interpreted more flexibly than they currently are; on the other hand, we should introduce a general clause for fair use into Chinese copyright law.