論鍾惺「以情解詩」的《詩經》評點及其詮釋問題

An Analysis of Zhong Xing's Comments on Poetry in the View of Emotion-Comments on the Book of Songs and its Issues of Interpretation

本文以鍾惺批點《詩經》為例，分析晚明「評點」這一特殊閱讀方式，在閱讀與理解文本時可能造成的影響、效果。這些影響、效果包括幾個層面：一、對詩意或詩旨的理解側重在何處，也即詮釋批點的重點為何。就現存的批點內容來看，鍾惺似乎並不關心三百篇的整體詩意，即鍾惺似乎對《詩》旨有某種程度的理解，並非全然不顧《詩》意。但他更重視的其實是前人所未曾關心的閱讀意趣等層面。二、從閱讀與理解的策略來看，評點這一讀詩「方法」所著重的是哪一方面，即實際操作時，它所要強調、突出的是甚麼。鍾惺說詩主張取性情之「真」強調詩歌是真實情感的流露，所以論詩與評詩重「情」。然而這種詮釋評點，賦予讀者更大的詮釋空間，而不同讀者對同一文本的理解與體悟不同，所掌握的「情」也不同。三、和傳統經學家說《詩》最大的不同在於，鍾惺如此向讀者展現自己的某種「品味」，和眾人不同的「意趣」的詮釋法。這種解經方式，在《詩經》詮釋史上的意義為何？能起何種影響？是本文最後要論述的。透過上述三個層面的解析，相信能釐清鍾惺評點《詩經》在晚明的意義。

The purpose of this study is to take Zhong Xing's comment on the Book of Songs as an example to analyze this special reading method of ''commentate'' in the late Ming Dynasty. Reading and understanding a text can be decomposed into several levels of affects and effects: (1) What is the purpose of understanding the meaning or the subject of the Song, which is also defining the purpose of commentate. As for as the present comment we have preserved, Zhong Xing seems not explaining the meaning of three hundred pieces as a whole. Zhong Xing was more likely having different understanding of the Song that he put more emphasis on the entertainment of reading. (2) From the strategy of reading and understanding, what does ''the method'' try to stress in the commentate of the songs. In Zhong Xing's idea, he stresses the reality and the verity of emotion in the song that he put the mark on the affection in the song. (3) According to traditional scholars, the biggest difference in Zhong Xing's comment is that he is showing his own personality of reading by investigating the entertainment of the Song. The arguments of this study are as follows. (1) What is the purpose of using this method in explaining the Book of Songs? (2) What kind of affect it might occur?