江浙派維新人士與抗爭運動新模式的創立

Jiangsu and Zhejiang Reformers and the Establishment of a New Model of the Resistance Movement

本文論述晚清活躍於上海地區的江浙維新人士在近代中國抗爭運動的開創性角色。這些維新人士以汪康年為首，其他主要的成員有葉瀚、汪詒年、經元善等人。和康有為、梁啟超相較，他們更能與地方紳商結合，也更注重實踐。文中考察1898年發生在上海的四明公所事件、1900年初立儲引起的電爭、1901和1903年的兩次拒俄運動，發現他們在這幾次抗爭行動中都居於主導地位。他們善於運用印刷媒體和電報局，進行輿論宣傳、傳單印製和拍發電報。把集會的地點從傳統的會館轉移到公共空間，以擴大集會的成員。在新開發的張園發表演說，運用民族主義來鼓動群眾的情緒。同時使用罷市、罷工作為政治抗爭的手段。這些抗爭方式異於傳統，開創了現代中國抗爭運動的新模式。

This article discusses the pioneering role of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang reformers who lived in Shanghai during the late Qing Dynasty in the modern Chinese resistance movement. These reformers are headed by Wang Kangnian, and members included Ye, Han, Wang, Yinian, Jing, Yuanshan, and others. They were more able to integrate with local gentry and businessmen than Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, and paid more attention to practice. It examines the following protests in the late Qing Dynasty: the Ningbo Guild Hall incident in Shanghai in 1898, a joint telegram protest against the prepared emperor's heirs in early 1900, and two campaigns against Russian aggression in 1901 and 1903. It was found that Jiangsu and Zhejiang reformers dominated these actions. They were good at using print media and telegrams for publicity, leaflet printing and joint telegrams. And transferred the venue of the gathering from the traditional hall to a public place to expand the members of the gathering. They started a public speech in the newly developed Zhang Yuan, stimulated mass emotions with nationalism. At the same time, strikes were launched for political protest. These methods of resistance were different from the traditional ones, which created a new model of modern Chinese resistance movement.