臺灣傳統木工鉋刀種類及其變異性

Study of Traditional Taiwanese Woodworking Planes and their Transition

臺灣傳統木工鉋刀由於操作便利且多樣，有其時代背景與價值性，歷年來受到漢民族、西方文化及日據時期之影響，發展極為多元化。本研究歷經一年半之收集及整理，除分析臺灣傳統木工鉋刀造型及構造，亦對於臺灣木工鉋刀之種類及樣式建立完整資料。臺灣傳統木工鉋刀之構造及樣式深受日據時期之影響，但仍保持傳統漢民族之推式鉋法，且加以改良成可拆式鉋柄，兼具日式拉鉋之功能。最常用之平鉋長度以9寸～1尺為多，且為二枚刃及非入嵌式固定刀片為主，其切削角(裝設角)介於40°～45°，刀端角則以24°～26°為多，刃口約位於鉋身中間階段位置。此外，臺式槽鉋與日式槽鉋之刀片安裝方式不同，刀頭一朝前一朝後，且切削角亦較日式槽鉋少約10°，介於38°～43°。邊鉋之刃口位置及刀端角與平鉋類似，惟邊鉋並無鉋柄，以推式鉋法為主。

Because of their ease of operation and variety, traditional Taiwanese woodworking planes have a rich historical background. The effects of China and Western culture, as well as Japanese governance, have resulted in various developments. This work summarises one and half a years of research to collect and classify traditional Taiwanese woodworking planes. We not only analyzed form and configuration but also compiled a wide variety of information about traditional Taiwanese woodworking planes. It was found that the types of traditional Taiwanese woodworking planes were influenced deeply during the Japanese colonial period. However, push stroke planing has been maintained and improved by knocking down the push handle, transforming the technique into pull stroke planing. The common length of the bench plane is from 270 mm to 300 mm. In Taiwanese woodworking planes one blade and chipbreaker fits down into the mouth of the plane. The cutting angle (setting angle) and sharpness angle are 40°~45°and 24°~26°, respectively. The cutting position is near the middle of the plane body. Japanese and Taiwanese groove planes use different methods to fix the blade. That is, the setting angle of the blade is inclined forward for Taiwanese groove planes, while it is inclined backward for Japanese groove planes. Also, the cutting angle of the Taiwanese groove plane is lower , by about 10°than that of the Japanese groove plane, which is set from 38°to 43°. The cutting position and sharpness angle of the rabbet plane is similar to the bench plane, but the rabbet plane has no push handle to operate the plane.