文化資產概念的轉變歷程與認定標準

The Transformation and Standard of Cultural Heritage

我國從1982年公布《文化資產保存法》以來，曾多次修正增訂條文，並對其所列之文化資產類項作了修幅與調整。近期在政府的文化性資產清查評估工作中，發現以「文化性的資產」角度觀察舊建築在文化資產保存上，似乎可以有更多的詮釋。因此，在認定一項古蹟、歷史建築、乃至於無法明文規定的產業文化資產等，實際上確造成很多認知上的討論與爭議。本文嘗試比較以上幾項舊建築類別，加以定義區分後，並就三種文化資產認定標準探討其價值認定指標之特質；綜觀文化資產概念之歷年不斷演進，環視世界文化遺產之保存工作益顯重要，空間資產之價值發掘已成了刻不容緩之事。於後，藉以上述研究所得成果，推廣及帶動社區文化復興。

In the wake of Taiwan’s cultural heritage preservation law, introduced in 1982, the code has been amended with new provisions several times, and the category of cultural heritage per se has been adjusted as well. On the other hand, the investigation and assessment task of the to-be cultural heritage are led by government. With the perspective of“heritage with culture”, the phrase—“old building”seems to have multiple interpretations. For instance, how does one distinguish between monument, historic building and“industrial cultural heritage”? What are the differences in their identities? This research attempts to give definitions and comparisons of these classifications of old building, and to discuss these three variations on the valuation of distinguishing indexes. Perusing the evolution of the concepts of culture assets, it is clear that the importance of conserving world cultural heritage should place a premium on discovering spatial assets; therefore, the outcome of this research will advance the identification of cultural heritage of locality, and promote the cultural renewal of the local community.