傳統灰漿可逆性之初步研究

Preliminary Study on the Reversibility of the Traditional Mortar

台灣自荷治時期開始，引入磚砌建築，因此開始大量使用灰漿作為黏結材、承重材及隔間材。傳統灰漿以石灰作為主要膠結材，再依使用之用途與功能，摻合不同比例的各種填充料而成，硬化後具有一定的強度，雖然其強度較現代水泥砂漿為低，但是卻具有較高的吸水性以及可逆性，可降低磚砌結構中磚材的風化情形，且在灰漿損壞後，可將其移除並以新材料進行修復，但用以修復之灰漿，必須同樣具備可逆性。故本研究以熱蘭遮城灰漿為傳統灰漿之樣本，嘗試開發可用於磚牆修復之補強灰漿，同時規劃灰漿的可逆性試驗，探討開發之灰漿的可逆性，最後並結合水刀與可逆性灰漿建立一灰漿可逆性補強工法，供往後傳統磚砌建築修復與補強之參考。

Since the time of Dutch Formosa, mortar had been used for binding, load bearing and partitioning in brick structures. The traditional mortar used in brick structures is lime as the cementing material, mixed with several materials in different proportions for different purposes in different areas. Although the strength of traditional mortar is lower than that of Portland cement mortar, the traditional mortar has higher absorption and reversibility. Hence, the traditional mortar mitigates the brick weathering in the brick structure and in future any damaged mortar can be readily replaced by a new one. However, the new mortar must also demonstrate reversibility. Therefore, the research reported in this paper utilized the mortar at Fort Zeelandia as the standard of the traditional mortar from which to develop an improved mortar. Meanwhile, this study designed a series of mortar reversibility tests to examine the reversibility of mortars. Finally, this paper develops a reversible restoration method using a water jet and the improved reversibility mortar. This reversible restoration method could be the standards when ancient brick structures need to be restored.