「引蟲入室」？──以博物館及典藏環境為例

Why, How, and When Would Pests Get Into Museums or Archives?

文物是典藏的根本，如何永續保存文物則是典藏工作人員的神聖使命。從古至今，蟲害一直是文物典藏重大的威脅之一，特別是針對有機材質的文物，例如：字畫、書籍、蠶絲、動物皮毛、竹、木、牙、角等製品。國內重要典藏單位據調查有超過半數都有蟲害的問題，可見蟲害防治是不可輕忽的議題。本文旨在以國內常見文物害蟲為例，探討典藏環境中引蟲入室的原因及條件（有蟲源、環境存在誘因、有入侵途徑及適宜的生長條件），進而提供可能的預防性管理措施（包括硬體設施之防堵，健全的檢疫措施及妥的管理制度）。

Insect management is always a serious challenge to conservators. Many collections made of organic materials, such as paintings, calligraphy, books, silk, leather, fur, bamboo, wood, ivory and horn, are prone to be damaged by insect pests. Infestations have been recorded at more than half of the important museums and archives in Taiwan. Sources of pests, possible invading routes, and appropriate environmental conditions are the required elements for insect infestation indoors. The object of the current review is to illustrate these infestation elements with examples of common collection pests in Taiwan and further to offer preventive procedures for maintaining a pest-free museum or archive.