傳統廟宇三川門餘塞板四季平安裝飾體例初探

A Study of the‘Peace-through-All-Seasons’Patterns on the Yu-sai-ban of the San-chuan-men Structure in Traditional Chinese Temples

傳統廟宇三川殿次間兩邊門的兩側，各有兩個長條型身堵，即俗稱的「餘塞板」，通常以插有四季代表花卉的花瓶做為裝飾，象徵「四季平安」。而從台灣廟宇調查的實例中，可以見到「四季平安」的作法，除了以四季花與花瓶的組合外，另有以四季花搭配鳥禽、人物、博古的特殊體例。本文擬以泉州匠師施作的台灣廟宇之三川餘塞板為例，詳述瓶花裝飾的由來，除列舉「四季平安」各類型的裝飾體例外，並針對其構圖、比例、變化加以分析，同時兼述其吉祥飾物所隱含的象徵意義。

Patterns of seasonal flowers in vases, symbolizing ''peace-through-all-seasons'', are often used as decorative designs on the yu-sai-ban or shen-du structure beside the side doors of a san-chuan-men in traditional Chinese temple architecture. Studies of Taiwan's temples show that images of birds, people and ancient utensils are also used in combination with the flower-and-vase patterns to represent the concept of ''peace-through-all-seasons''. This study will cite yu-sai-ban structures made by Quanzhou craftsmen as examples to discuss the origin of the flower-and-vase pattern. In addition to listing various ''peace-throughall- seasons'' designs, this study will also analyze the compositions, proportions, variations of the layouts and the symbolic meanings of different auspicious patterns.